A small canopy with your own hands. Do-it-yourself awnings for a summer residence. Step #5 - building a retaining wall

You are the owner of your own country house and it doesn’t matter if you live in it all year round or seasonally. Everyone tries to create a comfortable environment in their garden plot. Different styles of architecture can be used for this. An excellent solution is to install awnings. They add beauty to the house and site and perform many additional functions. Anyone can make a canopy for their home with their own hands quickly and cheaply. It's simple. Just study our recommendations and you will become the owner of a canopy that will give your home a unique personality.

Before proceeding directly to the construction itself, you should choose what type of canopy will be built. They are divided by roof type:

1. Straight roof. They are built to protect vehicles from rain or snow.
2. The sloping roof is available in single-pitch and gable types. It also performs protective functions.
3. Curved roof structure. This is a decoration for the house and site.

Also divided by type of construction:

1. On supporting structures. This type is widely used. The space under it can be used as parking for vehicles, a place for summer recreation or for storing household equipment and inventory.
2. Console. It is a canopy that can be located around the perimeter of the house. Its width should not exceed 2 meters. The cantilever structure is firmly attached to the wall of the house, protecting windows and doors from the effects of negative weather factors.

Construction materials

To choose the most correct building material for installation, pay attention to the general appearance of the site itself. That is, it should emphasize the advantage of your home and complement the overall landscape design. Now they take into account the material side of construction, that is, the amount of finance that they are willing to spend on construction.

Materials for frame, supports

For the construction of these structural elements, different building materials can be used. Mainly:

1. Metal. This material does not require special skills in construction. Typically, these are metal pipes, and its elements are fastened to each other by welding or rivets. The radius of the pipes for the supporting structure should on average be no more than 5 centimeters, and the metal thickness should be no less than 2.5 mm. It has many positive characteristics. Such as:

• metal has increased strength;
• when using additional equipment, you can give metal elements different shapes;
• Metal is not afraid of moisture.

Negative characteristics include:

• metal is a building material that is susceptible to corrosion;
• if you don’t have welding skills, then the cost of a specialist will be expensive;
• additional treatment with primer or paints is required;

Reference!

Metal elements combine perfectly with polycarbonate sheets or metal profiles.

1. Tree. This is one of the most easy-to-process building materials used in construction. The advantages of wood include:

• low cost of material;
• practicality;
• ease of processing.

To the negative:

• with prolonged exposure to moisture and negative weather conditions it can rot;
• should be protected from insects that can cause irreparable harm;
• For a longer service life of the material, additional processing with special means is required.

Wooden structures look great visually with any finishing materials. In the construction of supports, it is customary to use wooden beams with a diameter of 10 by 10 centimeters. It is best to strengthen them with railings.

1. Forged frames. They give the structure airiness, lightness and elegance. The elegance of the entire structure is emphasized by decorative details. The benefits of this material include durability and a sophisticated look, also note that forged supports can support a lot of weight. With all the advantages, there is a main disadvantage - the high price.
2. Made of stone or brick. Basically, frames from these building materials are erected when it is necessary to emphasize the architecture of not only the house itself, but also all the buildings on the site.

The advantages of such structures are known to everyone. For example, brick and stone are durable building materials. They are not afraid of sudden temperature changes and the negative influence of weather conditions. There are significantly fewer disadvantages than advantages - natural stone is expensive. To reduce the cost, you can cheat a little. First, build a metal frame, and then cover it with natural stone.

Roof construction materials

Before you start installing the roof, you should determine what building material will be used. The roof can be constructed from:

1. Metal tiles.
2. Slate.
3. Polycarbonate.
4. Metal profile.
5. And other materials.

If it is used temporarily, then the frame can be covered with awning fabric or treated with plastic film as a roofing material.

Choosing a location, project

Before you start building, choose a place where it will look organic and perform the functions assigned to it.

How to determine the correct location? The project you choose plays a huge role here.

1. Built-in is a structure that is planned during the construction phase of the main house. It is part of the overall architecture.
2. Attached, that is, adjacent to the house. This type is additionally attached to the house. Also, its dismantling is quick.
3. Separate. It is built independently of other buildings on the site.

It is also worth taking into account that they are additionally divided into several subtypes, which make it clear how mobile it can be.

• static, that is, the structure of such a canopy cannot be moved to another place;
• a collapsible canopy is used for temporary use;
• A sliding canopy is mainly installed as an addition to the house and, if necessary, is pulled apart.

When choosing a project and building materials in construction, the external shape plays a huge role. It is necessary to take into account that there are materials that are not plastic. That is why it is impossible to create any form when using them.

In their form they can be as follows:

1. Straight with a pitched or gable roof.
2. Arched or domed.
3. Decorative complex type.

After the canopy project has been selected, the area of ​​the structure is calculated. This is necessary in order to draw up an estimate for building materials that will be used in construction.

Important!

A prerequisite is the number of supports, but when choosing an attached type, they will only be needed on one side. Because the second side will rest on the wall of the house.

Since many owners of country houses, if they decide to build an extension, they give preference to buildings that will be used for several years. To ensure that the structure does not deform and ultimately collapse, it is worth paying attention to:

1. Try to calculate the amount of precipitation in winter, as well as the total amount for 365 days.
2. The speed of winds, which can have a destructive effect during sudden gusts.
3. The design and type of foundation used in the construction of the main house.
4. Are the walls to which the canopy structure will be attached secure?

Now you need to draw a drawing. It should display the most insignificant details. The drawing must be scaled in accordance with the actual length and width of the canopy. These data will give a clear picture of the amount of building material required.

Canopy installation

All preparatory stages have been completed, construction materials have been purchased. Now you can move on to the actual construction of the canopy. The main thing is to follow the sequence of actions and follow the instructions step by step.

Construction of the foundation

To install a canopy attached to a house, two types of foundation are used:

• concrete;
• columnar.

It is best to use the same type of foundation that was used to build the house. This is what will reduce the displacement and deformation of canopy structural elements during operation.

First, you need to dig a hole no more than 35 centimeters deep. Then fill it with gravel or crushed stone. The bulk material on the surface should be well compacted and leveled.

Since the electrical wires that will be used in the future to illuminate the canopy are laid along with the fundamental base, this needs to be done now.

When choosing a columnar type of foundation, wells are drilled with a diameter of 15-20 and a depth of 50-55 centimeters. The bottoms of the wells are covered with sand. This is necessary to rid the foundation of the effects of groundwater. The wells are located in the corners of the canopy. It is in these places that the load on it is impressive. Pipes of comparable diameter are placed in the wells and fixed with concrete. In order to save a columnar foundation from early rusting, it is best to cover the pipes at the base with roofing felt or thick plastic film.

When constructing a concrete foundation, they dig a trench equal to the perimeter of the canopy. It should be at least 40-45 centimeters wide and about 55 centimeters deep. Sand is placed at the bottom - the layer thickness is at least 15 centimeters. Crushed stone or fine gravel is placed on it. Afterwards everything is filled with a mixture of concrete. The support is installed before the foundation is poured. This will provide greater structural strength.

Frame assembly

The frame of the building is directly attached to the finished foundation using self-tapping screws and angles. When installing a metal frame, the elements are welded together and fastened with metal screws.

Important!

The location of all parts of the canopy is checked using a building level.

The next step after installing the frame itself is to install the roof sheathing. Comply with the drawings and design of the canopy. If the roof should be a curved structure, then an additional crossbar is installed. It strengthens the load-bearing beams. The other side of the structure is attached to the wall of the house using a beam that is attached to it. You can put it under the roof of the house or install additional support pillars and mount the sheathing on them.

There are several types of fastenings:

1. By welding. The fittings to which the attachment occurs must be integrated into the overall structure of the main house. The most reliable of all types of fastening.
2. Using a bracket.
3. When installing support beams that are screwed to the wall of the house. Additional installation of supports near the facade is required.

Roof installation

Constructing a single-pitch or gable curved roof is simple. It should be located at a slight angle of 50 degrees. There are a few more simple rules:

• build a frame for the roof;
• the type of fastenings depends on what building material is used in the finishing;
• the roof, or rather its edges, must be larger than the supporting structure;
• when installing the roof, markings are applied to the building material from which it will be built;
• the future roof is cut according to this marking;
• do not forget in which direction the gutters on the roofing sheets are directed (they are directed from the top to the bottom);
• The last thing they do is install a drainage system.

Now let’s look at the nuances of installing a roof depending on the type of building material:

1. Metal profile or canopy made of corrugated sheets. It is characterized by installation only on a flat roof surface. It is also prohibited to walk on metal sheets. Cutting is carried out with a special tool - scissors. It is best to install a canopy to a house made of metal profiles from the bottom of the roof, overlapping. Fastening occurs through self-tapping screws with seals. For one sq.m. roofing material requires 6-8 screws. If there is external damage, it must be painted over.
2. Polycarbonate sheets. This material is durable and lightweight. It's easy to work with him. There are three types of this building material:

• monolithic;
• cellular;
• profiled.

The choice is made according to the following parameters:

• the thickness of the sheet should not be less than six millimeters;
• Only those sheets that are smooth in structure and without unnecessary inclusions are suitable;
• make sure that the selected sheets are strong and elastic;
• laying occurs with the protective layer facing outwards.

For the construction of a polycarbonate canopy, a frame made of either wood or metal is suitable.

1. Metal tiles. Installing this type of roof requires special skills and tools. For example, such as a grinder or metal scissors. Installation of this type of roof is carried out from top to bottom. Overlapping.

Floor installation

Installation of floors refers to the arrangement. Here you can choose the floor covering that is considered optimal and worthy. Any finishing material from wood to porcelain tiles and paving slabs is suitable.

Decoration

To decorate the structure, you can choose any design concept. The main thing is that it emphasizes and combines with the overall landscape design of the site and the appearance of the main house.

For decoration can be used:

• flowerpots with flowers;
• flowerpot;
• wicker weaving;
• forged elements.

There are no limits to the manifestation of creativity here. Create and implement your wildest ideas.

Properly planned plots of land can save space and make it unique. A canopy is a decoration of the facades of the main house. It emphasizes his individuality and respectability. If you approach its construction wisely, then you will have a comfortable place on your site for evening gatherings with family and friends, as well as a cozy place to relax in the fresh air. In the photo you will find many projects and decorative elements of attached structures.

Have you long dreamed of creating a cozy place in your own garden, but are not yet ready to build a full-fledged gazebo? This means that one of the modern types of canopies will be ideal for you: wooden or plastic, with a reliable roof or one through which all the night stars are visible. Add a little textiles and imagination, and such a budget building will look no worse than a real summer cafe!

Moreover, building a canopy with your own hands today, with all the abundance of construction and finishing materials, is not at all difficult. The main thing is to decide for what specific task it is needed - for a car or summer get-togethers with friends, a swimming pool or just a bench, and choose the appropriate material. And our photo instructions will help you consider the whole process in detail and become well versed in this matter.

First, let's watch a video review of the most modern, original and stylish canopies that you can easily make yourself:

Preparing the base for different types of soil

First of all, when arranging a canopy, you need to take care of a solid foundation for the canopy. If you don’t want a strong gust of wind or a spring thaw to damage the strength of the entire structure, then you need to approach this issue carefully.

So, a lot depends on what kind of soil you have on your site. Moreover, you need to consider not just the ground anywhere, but exactly where the canopy will stand. The fact is that literally plus or minus two meters, and there may already be a completely different composition.

The depth of drilling under the foundation posts depends on whether your soil is heaving or not. It should always be no less than the freezing depth. This is necessary so that while the ice inside the ground melts and the soil “moves” a little, the racks will remain in place.

This is the whole secret, i.e. how to make a canopy on unstable soil: the posts will end below the freezing depth level, and the frame will not warp. In Russia, the standard freezing depth is often more than 2 meters, and therefore the racks are installed 2.30-2.50 meters into the ground. In special illustrations, the freezing depth is marked as H:

But, if we are talking about non-heaving soil (it is clear from the name that it “does not lead”), then it is advisable to make a foundation in the form of concrete or brick pillars to the depth of the plant layer. Those. not deep.

Additionally, backfilling with coarse sand or small pebbles, which it is advisable to protect with geotextiles, helps to reduce the severity of frost heaving of the soil. By the way, if it so happens that you installed the pillars higher than the freezing depth of the ground, then over time the structure will become skewed, but this can be easily corrected by wedging and jacking up the sagging sides.

Choice of canopy material: wood, stone or plastic?

The stronger and more solid the material, the more reliable the canopy will be, and the more expensive it will be. The more fragile and lighter the frame, the cheaper it is. We would advise you to look for a “golden mean”, but a lot really depends on what exactly you expect from this building.

So, the most reliable and strong canopy will be made of brick, a timber canopy is similar to it, and metal, forged and plastic structures are built that are more lightweight and elegant.

Cozy wooden canopy made of boards and logs

Wooden canopies, which have a wide choice of colors and textures, quite often turn out to be quite durable, although wood is susceptible to moisture and fungus. The whole secret here is in the correct preparation of the wooden canopy, treating it with antiseptics and special paints and varnishes for an open atmosphere. Plus, many types of wood themselves are able to perfectly withstand nature (for example, larch).

A canopy and timber or log house always looks quite solid and expensive, especially if it continues with the main house. But it is not easy to build, and it will need to be maintained every year. And at the same time, wooden racks are still fire unsafe, less resistant than stone ones, and require systematic treatment with antiseptic and fire-resistant mixtures.

But such canopies are easy to install, because they do not require welding, which not everyone knows. But anyone can assemble a canopy using bolts and anchors like a regular construction set.

In addition, lumber is cut and sanded quite easily. True, if you prefer arched canopies, then making them from wood is quite problematic. After all, bending a wooden beam is not easy, although it is possible to assemble an arc from individual wooden blocks.

So, to build a wooden canopy you will need timber for the posts - 70x70 mm, for attaching to the wall - 40x60 mm, and for floors - 40x60 mm. In general, the timber for the racks, of course, can be smaller in size if the area of ​​the canopy itself is very small (although we do not recommend doing this). The minimum value is 40x40 mm, and when the area exceeds 5 m2, then from 60x60 mm.

A columnar foundation is well suited as load-bearing supports for a wooden canopy. The installation process itself will look like this:

Once the posts are ready, secure the rafter beams at the desired height. It is convenient to make them from 150x50 mm boards, while checking the correctness with others using even boards:

Now install the rafters. You need to place them in increments of up to 1 meter (less is better), and take 150x50 mm for the boards themselves. Attach the rafters to the supporting posts and beams with bolts, and simply cut off the excess protruding parts.

So that later there is at least some shadow from the canopy, make a thin sheathing of 5x5 cm bars and secure them with self-tapping screws. And fasten 30x100 mm frontal boards around the perimeter of the roof. If desired, install your favorite roofing material on the sheathing:

This is what the final canopy should look like:

Now let's demonstrate all this theory in practice. In this project, the master used a trick and created from the sheathing and rafter legs one smooth and flat surface for the future translucent coating.

How did he do it? He simply made cuts in the rafters:

If you decide to attach a canopy directly to the house, you can make it semi-closed, for example, with a trellis under a grapevine:

Here's how to build such a canopy:

• Step 1. Let's start with the vertical posts, for which we need to prepare the foundation. The racks must be installed at the interval of the canopy rafters. Make a mark and drill several holes with a drill, from a meter to a meter and a half deep.
• Step 2. Insert roofing felt sleeves into the resulting holes, and into them - racks of steel pipes. Align them.
• Step 3. Pour concrete into the sleeves and prepare the elements of the wooden structure.
• Step 4. Sand the boards, treat them with an antiseptic and drill holes for future fasteners. 150x50 boards were used in this project.
• Step 5. Now you need to make grooves in the places where the rafters are installed, and screw the boards themselves both to the house and to the vertical posts. Use nuts, washers or long studs for this purpose.
• Step 6. Let's move on to making the ramp. The angle of inclination will need to be calculated in advance, taking into account the installation feature of the roofing material, the snow load in your region and whether snow will fall from the main roof of the house. The greater the risk that the snow cap will break through the canopy, the steeper it should be.
• Step 7. Install rafters, at least two meters long, and nail them. Make the sheathing.
• Step 8. Now you can lay the roofing covering - the one you chose initially. Of course, when it comes to a house, they don’t make a roof that is too steep due to the high consumption of materials, but for a canopy it won’t take much of it, and changing the angle of inclination will not play a decisive role.
• Step 9. Cover the open ends of the rafters with clapboard or fascia board, and attach the drain directly to it.
• Step 10. We cover the open ends of the rafters with a front board made of clapboard, and subsequently install a drain on it.
• Step 11. To install the trellis, you will need at least a primitive foundation. In this regard, the most successful would be a tape one, right between the racks. To do this, dig a trench with a bayonet, then pour 10 cm of sand and install the formwork. Next, lay the reinforcement and fill everything with concrete.
• Step 12. Make a brick wall on top of the finished foundation, and install trellises made of 20x30 mm slats on it.
• Step 13: Finally, cover the posts with decorative covers (siding and clapboard work too).

This canopy turns out to be quite cozy! After all, wood is closest to nature and always fits well into the landscape. Especially when it is massive and has retained its natural texture, not hidden under a layer of paint:

However, white paint is not bad at all when decorating such a canopy:

Note that wood itself is inexpensive, much cheaper than metal, but if durability is your priority, you can also purchase laminated veneer lumber. This type is made from several layers of wood at once, and therefore it has a more complex geometry, increased strength and price.

A good-quality brick canopy: in harmony with the architecture of the house

As we have already said, a brick canopy is considered an excellent option in terms of reliability, stability and durability. It doesn’t need to be painted or otherwise looked after every year; it’s built once and that’s it. At the same time, such a canopy looks environmentally friendly, aesthetically pleasing and is absolutely not subject to fire.

A brick canopy always fits well into the appearance of a house, no matter what material it is built from. But such racks require a reliable foundation (usually concrete), which will further increase costs. See how these pillars are built:

When the foundation is ready, proceed to laying the pillars, while reinforcing each row with a mesh. It is important to lay the bricks so that the seams do not match, and fill all voids with mortar. To make the pillars themselves even, a rope is pulled between them for convenience.

Cold and refined metal: forging and profiles

Forged metal makes the most “weightless” and elegant canopies:

Forged metal is durable, reliable and environmentally resistant. Such canopies are always made to order, where you can add any decorative elements, even make a family coat of arms visible! The forged structure will not only decorate the site, but also give it exclusivity.

What to make a reliable canopy roof from?

There are so many roofing coverings today that it’s dizzying, and you can easily use absolutely all of them to decorate the roof of your shed. Let’s take a closer look at those materials that you may have been afraid to tackle. But they make the best projects!

Glass and polycarbonate: translucent structures

Today, quite a lot of offices and hotels decorate the facades of their buildings with large glass canopies over the entrance. So this space becomes both more comfortable and safer, and the glass itself gives the building a tangible feature of the desired style. If you like this idea, then why not implement it on your own site?

You need to choose durable glass - one that will not break into small pieces if something hits the roof. Therefore, both tempered glass and laminated glass, otherwise called triplex, are suitable for this. In this, several sheets of hardened glue are connected with transparent glue. It is almost impossible to break!

Here is a very interesting video of the installation of such a canopy for a residential building:

Look how light and airy canopies with translucent coating look:

If you skillfully play with color, it is not difficult to achieve the feeling of a real sunny day even in the cloudiest weather. And in the dark season, cozy lighting will be provided by a built-in lamp, which is attached directly to the arched structure:

Let's go through the construction of this shed step by step. Its parameters: 110 cm height and 3.5 meters width:

• Step 1. Set up the porch. To do this, we first pour a concrete base, and then build a frame made of timber, 150x150 mm.
• Step 2. Coat the timber with a colorless antiseptic, which will protect the wood from insects and fungus.
• Step 3. Now we lay the floor on the porch and finish the steps.
• Step 4. We proceed to the construction of a canopy over the porch. To do this, you will need to weld a metal frame and cover it with wooden boards (preferably made of larch).
• Step 5: Paint a protective glaze over the canopy, steps, and porch sides to also highlight the visible wood grain. It is important that neither the wooden frame of the canopy nor the steps are afraid of precipitation and temperature changes.

There are more interesting and unusual ways to construct a canopy. For example, German students managed to create shadows using drones! Their system is autonomous and is called Cyber ​​Physical Macro Materials.

The essence of the idea is that drones independently select places that need to be protected from the scorching sun (for example, with people on vacation), and rally for this purpose. It looks simply amazing, and savvy summer residents are trying to repeat something similar using cheaper and more readily available materials.

For example, by installing umbrellas or large plastic crafts on a long cane that is easily stuck into the ground, and creating rest areas in the country simply by a cluster of such umbrellas, easily regrouped in the right place. Or they hang such elements in the air on thin ropes attached to the frame of the canopy.

The article will tell you how to make a canopy for your house with your own hands quickly and cheaply. You will learn what materials can be used and how to develop a drawing of a future structure. Below we will describe the most popular options for creating a gazebo and design, how to properly build the gazebo itself and solve some problems when creating it. Read the advice of experts, and you will be able to make a gazebo near your home yourself or properly supervise the process of its creation by qualified craftsmen.

Design

To figure out how to make a canopy, you first need to develop a project for the future construction, which takes into account the following parameters:

• site and structure;
• annual precipitation, wind and snow loads;
• purpose and dimensions of the building.

The project allows you to select the optimal solution and materials. A drawing and determination of the dimensions of the building help to correctly purchase materials and determine the required financial costs. If a carport is created for a car, then the passage of the car with a load must be taken into account.

A canopy attached to any building has a number of features. The height will be limited by the roof of the building. Such a solution excludes the creation of a full-fledged arch. In most cases, it is possible to make only a small structure, since there is usually not enough space near the house.

Basic moments

There are several ways to make a canopy in the courtyard of a private house with your own hands correctly, quickly, and so that it lasts as long as possible? To obtain the best result, it is necessary to take into account a number of important parameters.

Canopy

The shape of the canopy can be arched (good characteristics, the elements must be identical to each other), gable (has all the characteristics of a roof for a house) and single-pitch (the simplest and most reliable option).

Purpose

The canopy can be used to protect:

• woodpiles, tools, boards and other similar materials;
• play area/relaxation area for adults;
• terraces, swimming pool;
• greenhouses, greenhouses;
• grill/grill;
• entrance group, car.

Construction type

The design itself comes in several types:

• closed - openings are closed with various materials, there are windows;
• semi-closed - there are side parapets, a stationary roof;
• open - light roof and several supports.

Drawing

Verandas, canopies, gazebos: you can find out tips on how to build cheaply and beautifully below.

Supports

Basically, supports are made of wood or metal, but the most stable structure is obtained when using concrete elements. The holes for the supports should be below the freezing point of the soil, about about a meter, but in the northern regions more may be required. Sand is poured into the bottom, compacted, concrete is poured and a support is placed. It must be leveled and then the hole must be completely filled. You can make formwork on top so that the concrete level is higher than ground level.

It is not recommended to immerse wooden supports in the ground, even when using moisture-proof materials. Concrete supports with a depth of at least 50 cm are made for them; they act as original piles. Reinforcement is laid in the concrete and timber is attached. It is also possible to install supports made of stone building materials on the foundation. Metal/wood is used for rafters. This option requires quite a lot of time to set up. Another method is asbestos-cement pipes: durable, not afraid of constant moisture or strong daily temperature fluctuations, and easy to install.

Frame

Mounted from wood/metal. It is easier to work with wooden elements. Connected with self-tapping screws or bolts. When using laminated veneer lumber and dry boards, a wooden canopy can last for many years. Metal elements are mainly welded. A combination of both types of materials is less commonly used. When arranging a high and wide canopy, it is better to choose semi-arched or triangular shapes.

The supports are placed at intervals of at least 1.2 m; for a structure attached to the wall, two supports are enough. It is not advisable to frequently lay a profile or beam under polycarbonate; for tiles, it is the opposite. Supports, racks and rafters are often made from profiles of different thicknesses, depending on the purpose of the structural elements. This applies equally to timber. The pillars must be strictly vertical.

Wall support

How to make a canopy for a house? It is necessary to remember that canopies can be single-pitched, flat or with a bend. Fastening is carried out by inserting the rafters under the roof or to the wall using the selected fasteners. If there is a lot of snow in winter, the racks should have a rigid fastening. If the area under the canopy will be concreted before the canopy is built, then openings for the posts must be immediately made and water drainage must be considered, and the wood must be treated with protective agents.

Slope

The optimal slope is considered to be 50 degrees; snow practically does not accumulate. A slope of less than 7 degrees is considered horizontal. If it is not possible to make the required slope under the roof of the house, then the material is laid on top of the roof. We need to think about the right drainage. You can also set up a separate structure near the house.

Preparatory work

The first thing that needs to be done is to mark the designated area, remove all debris and plants, level it, add sand and gravel. When arranging heavy structures, you will need to prepare a foundation.

Recesses are made under the supports, so you can immediately lay the electricity cable. Depending on the weight of the frame and roof, the spacing of the supports is determined. The posts are concreted in the pits; if there is water nearby, then their ends must first be primed and waterproofed.

Materials

Having figured out how to make a canopy with your own hands, having prepared the project and the site, you need to purchase materials.

The following material options are used:

• Slate - used in several types. Fiber cement– durable, withstands heavy loads, rarely used in domestic construction. Asbestos-cement– corrugated/flat sheets are very popular when creating roofs for houses, outbuildings, and fences.

• Polycarbonate - cellular or cast. Experts recommend using the first option, since it is much stronger. Sheets come in matte/transparent, different shades.

• Corrugated sheets/metal tiles – have high strength. Powder coated, UV resistant, long service life.

• Metal profile – hollow, rectangular, square or round. Depending on the size, it is used for rafters and supports.

• Lumber – plywood, boards, beams, OSB. They equip supports, rafters, beams, bars. Plywood/OSB is used for roofing.

Video description

To see the features of a slate canopy with a wooden frame, watch the video:

Ruberoid and soft tiles. The roofing material itself is used quite rarely, mainly acting as waterproofing. Long-lasting and very light soft tiles are much more often used.

• Awning or moisture-resistant fabric. It is used very rarely and acts as a temporary or seasonal option.

The elements are fastened with metal/wood screws (with or without washer) and welding. Overlays, angles, and bolts are also used.

Important nuances of arranging a canopy

In most cases, metal profiles and polycarbonate are used to construct canopies. How to build a canopy from these materials is described below.

Metal profile

By metal profile we mean corrugated sheeting, which comes in several grades:

• “N” – roof, load-bearing;
• “NS” – finishing, roofing;
• “C” – finishing, fences.

For snowy areas and structures with large sheathing pitches, it is better to use “H” with reinforced ribs. In the opposite situation, the NS brand is suitable. It has a thickness of more than 1 mm, a wave of at least 35 mm. It should be noted that the wave can be trapezoidal, rectangular or wavy. For roofing, the first option is better - it is tougher.

When creating a canopy, it is very important to correctly calculate the weight of the entire structure. Taking this indicator into account, the frame is developed; it is recommended to use lighter materials.

Working with sheets:

• it is forbidden to work in strong winds;
• It is better to use scissors to cut the material;
• you should not install waterproofing if there is no insulation and walls;
• the roof must be level;
• the smaller the wave and slope, the smaller the pitch of the sheathing.

Video description

How to create a semicircular arched canopy is in the following video:

The length of the profile must be secured to the bottom of the roof; an overlap must be made depending on the angle of the slope. In certain cases, mastic is used to seal joints. Fastening with self-tapping screws and seals. It must be attached to the sheathing at the lowest point: the step depends on the windiness of the region. Any scratches must be treated with paint.

Polycarbonate

The most popular option. Below we will talk about how to make a polycarbonate canopy, describing the main points and nuances of the work.

The material is light but durable, has UV protection, does not break under fairly heavy loads or falls, is easy to drill and cut, and is available in several brands and a large selection of colors.

There are several options for polycarbonate:

• profiled - rare in our country;
• cellular/honeycomb – have numerous stiffening ribs, light, durable, can bend, the best option for roofing, comes in different sizes and thicknesses, there is a reinforced version (stronger and thinner);
• monolithic - an alternative to glass, large sheets, mainly used for walls.

Consider the degree of transparency of the material. For gazebos and canopies, it is better to choose darkened ones so that it is not stuffy under them.

When laying sheets, it is important to remember that some brands can be laid with any side facing the sun, while others can only be laid with a certain side. The channels inside the sheets must be directed parallel to the slope. Installation using self-tapping screws with washers for this material and an end profile. The holes for the screws should be slightly larger than the fasteners themselves, do not overtighten them, be sure to step back from the edge, make holes only between the stiffening ribs.

Video description

The following video clearly shows how to install a canopy made of metal profiles and polycarbonate for a house:

Sheets are cut before installation with a knife, hacksaw or cutter (for sheets up to 4 mm), wider grades are cut with a power tool. The ends are covered with punched paper tape, aluminum film and end profile; do not use tape. The frame for this material can be lightweight, in the form of a semi-arch, but first you need to clarify the permissible level of bending of the sheets. The thickness of the sheet affects the sheathing of the structure - the thicker it is, the wider the sheathing. Do not forget that the protective film on top is removed at the end of the work, and on the bottom at the beginning.

Tree

How to build a canopy for a house made of wood with your own hands? In fact, the whole procedure is not much different from other materials. Only in this case other fasteners are used. Wood has a number of important characteristics - the material is very easy to use and process. The design lasts a very long time with proper care, environmentally friendly, accessible and inexpensive material.

Carport with forged elements Source static-eu.insales.ru

Conclusion

After installing the roof, you need to think about creating drain gutters. At the last stage, the site is being developed. The easiest way is to fill the area with gravel, but this is not a very convenient option. It is necessary to remove the top layer of soil, install a curb and then fill in crushed stone. You can also lay tiles or paving stones, fill the area with concrete, or use wood.

You may need a variety of awnings at your dacha: over a porch, a bench, a barbecue and a tennis table, over a parking lot and a woodshed. They can be built from wood or metal profiles.

In this article we will offer you different options for inexpensive and easy-to-build shelters for the purposes mentioned. The main points and features of construction, both metal and wood, will also be mentioned here.

Varieties of the most inexpensive awnings for a summer residence. Construction Features

The options for canopies and shelters described below can even be made from used pipes or lumber left after repair.

Canopies over the porch

The simplest and cheapest option for building a country canopy with your own hands is a lean-to structure with an independent roof that does not require the installation of support pillars. It consists of several triangular trusses, which on one side provide fastening of the structure to the wall. The second side - the top - is the basis for installing the sheathing and roofing material. Such trusses can be assembled from either a metal profile or wood.

Drawing of a visor that does not need stands

The second option for a porch canopy at the dacha is a design with a dependent roof. Here one side is tied to the house, and the other rests on the posts. It will be cheaper and easier to make a lean-to structure, as in the photo. In essence, it is a square or rectangle with several lintels and two support pillars. It can be assembled in the same way as an independent roof, from wood or metal profiles.

This design has one advantage: the support posts can become a frame for mounting on the sides of the windproof panels. That is, if you wish, you can make the porch closed, completely or partially. Disadvantage - when building a canopy, you will have to allow additional time for the solidification of the columnar foundation under the support posts.

We make a canopy at the dacha with our own hands: photo of a building with a dependent roof

Canopy for a bench in the country

The most budget-friendly option for a dacha canopy over a garden bench is a tension one. It is assembled literally from scrap materials. Two pieces of profile pipe, preferably round in cross-section, are bent with a kind of hooks and concreted with straight ends behind the bench. A strip of thick fabric is pulled onto the hooks, which forms a canopy. If you take pipes that have already been used, then such a shelter will be practically free. The only drawback of the design is that the fabric roof will not protect from heavy rain.

How to make a canopy at your dacha for relaxation: building with a tension awning

A more expensive type of canopy for a dacha, but more “major” - polycarbonate on a frame made of metal profiles or wood. The easiest way to assemble a pitched roof is to assemble an arched, rectangular or square roof if you have a pipe bending machine. It is best to make awnings for a summer house from polycarbonate - the material is easy to install and does not require preliminary lathing of the frame. You can also use slate sheets - they are just the right size and, moreover, will be cheaper.

Simple awnings for a summer residence: photo of a polycarbonate canopy

Canopy for a tennis table and barbecue in the country

We have the following requirements for a canopy at the dacha for relaxation, located above the tennis table:

• Sufficient roof height.
• The distance from the table to the support pillars is at least 1 meter.
• Good light transmission of the roof.

The best option is a lean-to canopy with polycarbonate as a roofing material, with a simple frame. You can, of course, use slate or something similar, but in this case you will have to spend money on installing lighting above the table. This negates the financial benefit of replacement.

Tennis table cover

The main function of a canopy over a barbecue in a country house is to protect the fire from precipitation and wind. Therefore, the roof here should be either arched or gable. At the same time, there should be at least 40 cm from the container with coals to the edges of the slopes on one side and from 1 m on the other. The simplest option is a gable frame on four supports. It’s better to make a canopy for a barbecue at your dacha with your own hands from metal profiles or pipes. Wood is not very suitable here for fire safety reasons.

Option for a canopy at the dacha for barbecue or barbecue

Canopy for car and woodshed

An inexpensive and simple version of a carport for a dacha is a lean-to carport, one side resting on the wall or edge of the roof of the house, and the other on the posts. The design is elementary: 2-4 support pillars, a beam/beam connecting to the house and a rectangular roof frame with lintels. Any roofing material can be used:

• Slate or metal tiles - with them you can build a relatively inexpensive carport at your dacha with your own hands. This will require preliminary organization of the sheathing.
• Ruberoid roofing is the cheapest option, but it won’t last too long. In addition, you will have to make a hard substrate under it.
• Carports for cars in the countryside made of polycarbonate - the material is easy and quick to install and does not require lathing. But it will cost more than the first two options.

Carport at the dacha: photo of a lean-to attached structure

A little more difficult to construct and more expensive in terms of consumables is a free-standing carport in the country. It can be on a columnar foundation or without it at all, as in the photo. Here, each truss is immediately welded onto racks, and then the entire structure is assembled on horizontal sections of profile pipe. The advantage of such a canopy at the dacha is mobility.

Photo of a carport at the dacha: a gable building without a foundation

Wooden woodshed

Wooden and metal canopies at the dacha: construction features

When building sheds, either wooden or metal, several main points can be highlighted:

1. The construction of a columnar foundation, with or without reinforcement - it all depends on the dimensions of the building.
2. Installation of support pillars. They are either concreted immediately or attached to a ready-made foundation.
3. Assembling the roof frame on the ground.
4. Installation of the roof on supports.
5. Treatment with an antiseptic – for wood, treatment with anti-corrosion compounds – for metal. Antiseptic treatment for wood is very important, since the duration and trouble-free operation of the building directly depends on it.

Stages 2, 3, and 4 must be carried out under constant control by the construction level.

After you have built a canopy at your dacha with your own hands, all welding seams must be cleaned and treated with anti-corrosion agent

Building a shed at your dacha yourself is not so easy. How comfortable it will be to be under it depends on the correctness of its construction.

In this article we will tell you how to make a canopy with your own hands.

Types of canopies

Awnings vary in the material used, purpose and design. You can build a canopy near your house to protect you from the sun.

The best option for this is an open house terrace. This design can be used as a support wall for hanging plants.

Also, such a structure helps maintain a constant temperature regime inside the main building. The attached carport can also be used for a car.

In addition to attached sheds, there are free-standing sheds.

DIY reed canopy

We prepare reeds. It grows near any river, lake, pond. Cut plants should be laid out in a sunny area to dry. Then we impregnate it with a special solution against fire.

We decide on the dimensions of the canopy. We clear the required space and dig holes for the subsequent installation of racks made of wood or bamboo in them. The depth must be at least 0.4 m.

We impregnate the base of the racks with hot drying oil to prevent rotting. You can also use creosote or diesel fuel for these purposes.

Next, pour a layer of gravel (15 cm) into the holes and fill them with concrete. After the concrete mixture has hardened, we begin to fasten the supports together. For connection we use cross beams. The result should be a regular quadrilateral.

To nail the cross beams, we use nails; for reliability, they can also be secured with metal wire. Next, we attach the floor beams.

The distance between the beams should be 0.2-0.3 m. We lay a sheet of OSB or plywood on top and nail it. Then lay down a polyethylene film for waterproofing so that its edges hang down.

Canopy Covering

After completing the construction of the frame, we begin making the reed covering.

We tie the prepared plants with a rope. You should get bundles 0.1 m thick. We lay them closely on a polyethylene film.

After complete laying out, we tie all the bundles with a rope, intercepting it several times across the entire roof. We fix it with nails or self-tapping screws along the edges and in the center.

Let's move on to the interior decor.

Note!

We build a canopy from wood

We calculate the loads. Their competent and error-free calculation ensures the safety of the structure. Therefore, for this it is better to turn to professionals.

Choosing the type of foundation

The best option would be a columnar foundation, it is economical. If the material for it is wood, then it must first be treated with special antiseptic compounds to prevent rotting and fungi.

The foundation chairs are installed in pre-dug trenches strictly vertically. For a more stable position, they can be placed on a concrete slab.

If the pillars are fixed with concrete, then they must be installed at the stage of pouring concrete into the trench. This will significantly increase the strength characteristics of the foundation. Next, pour sand into the trenches.

We fasten the supports using a special wooden cross. We install chairs at a distance of 1.5 m between them.

Note!

A columnar foundation is certainly erected in each corner of the structure and at the junction of partitions. The number of foundation pillars depends on the size of the canopy and the expected load.

Particular care must be taken when installing vertical posts. For this, supports with a cross section of 0.15 * 0.2 m are used. They must be carefully secured.

Vertical posts are placed in holes at least 80 cm deep, covered with layers of sand and gravel 5 cm thick. The support pillars are installed strictly vertically. To fix them, you can use stones and additional supporting structures.

After installing the racks, pour concrete into the pits. Next, we lay the logs of the enclosing structure.

The frame can be made of trusses. After completing such a frame, it is installed on a platform made of wooden panels; for this, the panels are equipped with pins.

The roof of the canopy can be either in the form of an awning made of thick fabric or wood. For a wooden roof it is necessary to make rafters and sheathing.

Note!

We lay the roof covering. It can be steel, asbestos cement, clay or metal tiles, polycarbonate.

A canopy is an excellent solution for any garden. We hope that this article will help you in its construction. Good luck!

DIY canopy photo