The answer to this question is simple: whatever the gardener wants, so it will turn out. It all depends on how to shape the plant. In other words, the future fate of the viburnum, whether it is called a tree or a shrub, depends on pruning and pinching.
The formed tree will look very attractive on the site: during the flowering period, the crown is strewn with snow-white tassels of flowers; in some decorative varieties, they resemble balls. Closer to autumn, the crown turns an attractive red color, thanks to ripe berries, and soon all the foliage turns orange and burgundy.
Viburnum, growing in our country, is a deciduous tree or shrub. It’s difficult to describe what viburnum looks like in two words. The culture includes about two hundred species.
Breeders who have done serious work have developed excellent varieties with high yields and very large sweet berries. There are varieties that reach a height of 4 meters, while others, especially decorative ones, are low-growing.
The leaves are wide, three and five lobed, with sharp ends. The upper part of the leaf is bright green, the lower part is gray-green. The leaves are attached to the branch on petioles (up to 2 cm). In autumn, the bush changes its green color to orange or red. The flowers are white or cream collected in racemes. Small flowers form umbrella racemes up to 8 cm in diameter. In the central zone, flowering begins at the end of May and lasts about 20 days.
The berries are oblong or round, bright red, with a flattened seed inside. The berry size is about 1 cm in diameter. The fruits ripen closer to September, and become most delicious after the first frost. Their benefits are enormous. The healing properties are used not only in folk medicine, but are also recognized by scientific medicine. In addition, delicious berries and juice are used in cooking, especially in confectionery.
The multi-stemmed viburnum bush looks no less bright in the garden; moreover, it bears fruit richly, which allows you to make invaluable preparations for the winter. Shrubs planted along the perimeter of the site (hedge) create an impenetrable thicket. This is widely used to protect an area from intruders.
So, whether viburnum is a shrub or a tree is up to the garden owner to decide.
Distribution area
In Russia, red viburnum grows everywhere in the European part, with the exception of the northern and southeastern regions, in Siberia and the Baikal region, and in Central Asia.
In our forests you won’t surprise anyone with these trees and shrubs. They are found in the deciduous zone, in mixed forests. Good harvests ripen in the sun, which whole families gather in the fall to add vitamins to the table in winter. In the shade, viburnum bears scant fruit. In the wild, it prefers places close to water - near rivers and ponds.
Planting viburnum in the country
Choosing a place to plant viburnum
In which place in the garden the viburnum will bloom is up to the owner to decide, as well as what function it will perform.
It could be:
- a single planted tree, a group of trees or a bush (viburnum grows in partial shade and shade, but feels best in an open sunny area);
- bushes acting as a fence (along the fence);
- bushes or trees planted on the slope of the site. In this case, the powerful root system of the plant is used, which can strengthen steep areas.
Nowadays it’s even difficult to imagine a summer cottage without at least one viburnum tree or bush. If someone has not acquired a fruit-bearing plant, then probably the charm of the ornamental variety forced them to plant this beautiful specimen, perhaps more than one, near their country house.
There is nothing difficult about planting. You just need to follow a few rules, as a result of which the seedling will turn into a lush bush or an exquisite tree. Viburnum is planted in spring or autumn.
Soil selection
Neutral or slightly acidic. The place and land are prepared in advance. Mix the soil well with peat and granular potassium phosphate fertilizer. This is done a month before planting the seedling. The soil will be significantly enriched and stable. You should not resort to organic fertilizer, as it provokes the growth of a large number of weeds, and they are the enemies of viburnum!
The planting hole is dug to a depth of about 40 cm, with the same diameter. To the soil you need to add a couple of tablespoons of urea and a glass of dolomite flour or ash. The top layer of soil, already enriched with peat, humus and fertilizers, will reliably cover the roots.
Planting a seedling with bare roots
Open roots: a small earthen mound is poured in the center of the hole, onto which the plant trunk is placed, and its roots are carefully and carefully spread along the walls of the mound, after which they are covered with the rest of the earth.
Planting a seedling with closed roots
Closed roots: the seedling is placed in the middle of the hole and covered with soil.
It is important not to forget to deepen the root collar a little, but no more than 4-5 centimeters!
After planting, compact the soil and mulch it with peat, then make a circular depression around the trunk and water the new plant generously.
Viburnum care
Kalina is a little capricious lady and requires constant attention.
Watering
Since the plant loves moisture, it has to be watered every week to prevent the soil from drying out. Naturally, rainy weather works to the gardener’s advantage here, but during periods of drought one cannot be lazy. An adult bush requires at least 3-4 buckets of water.
Trimming
It is best to do pruning in the spring, before sap flow begins. Some fans do it in the fall, but this is not very good due to the approaching winter. It is unknown how severe it will be. First of all, sanitary pruning is carried out - all dried and diseased branches are removed. After this, a bush or tree is formed.
Top dressing
For proper development and fruiting, the plant is fed twice a year - in spring and autumn. In early spring, before the growing season, nitroammophoska (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) is poured under each bush or tree - 50 grams per 1 square meter. After this, the soil is dug up and watered. In autumn, only phosphorus (40 g per 1 sq.m.) and potassium (20 g per 1 sq.m.) are added. Dig up the soil and water it.
Pest Control
Very important in caring for viburnum is its pollination from insects. This tree is attractive not only to humans, but also to harmful insects.
Black aphid
Young tender spring shoots are dotted with small black dots. The larvae infest everything, the leaves curl up and dry out. The growth of the bush slows down.
The fight against aphids must begin in the spring on all fronts. Firstly, properly weed the area around the trunk, remove all weeds; secondly, it is useful to give a tree or bush a shower in the evening - douse it with water; thirdly, resort to natural “preparations” for pests - infusions of celandine, potato tops, pepper; fourthly, if the struggle ends in defeat for the gardener, turn to chemical means.
Leaf beetles
In addition to aphids, tasty viburnum is affected by leaf beetles. This beetle manages, if you don’t fight it in time, to turn the foliage of a tree or bush into lace! It especially reproduces in cold and wet weather. Having eaten all the leaves, the pest will not calm down - it will move on to the flowers. Thus, it will leave the owners without a harvest.
The most effective method of combating it is spraying with Karbofos.
leaf roller
Another pest. Caterpillars wrap leaves, entangle them in webs, and devour them. They must be destroyed manually and burned. It’s a good idea to spray the bush with Karbofos.
Who else “loves” viburnum: sawfly, gall midge. Spraying must be done before and after flowering. This is the only way to cope with the invasion of harmful insects.
Proper care of the common viburnum, the most widespread in Russia in the wild and lovingly cultivated in garden plots, brings kilograms of vitamin products, elixirs for many ailments, and confectionery delights to the table every year.
In a word, viburnum is an edible, beautiful, healthy, desirable berry in any home!
Canadian viburnum (lat. Viburnum lentago)– a species of the genus Viburnum of the Adoxaceae family. It occurs naturally on river banks, forest edges and rocky slopes in eastern Canada. Most often it grows in tandem with coniferous and deciduous trees. Widely used in cooking, landscape design, medicine and cosmetology.
Characteristics of culture
Viburnum viburnum is a tall deciduous shrub, less often a small tree up to 5-6 m high with a dense ovoid crown. The leaves are green, smooth, broadly oval, pointed at the ends, finely toothed along the edges, up to 10-12 cm long. In autumn, the foliage acquires a beautiful reddish tint, often with a purple or burgundy tint. The flowers are small, cream or white-cream, collected in corymbs that reach 10-12 cm in diameter.The fruits are elongated, at first green, closer to ripening - blue-black with a bluish bloom, edible, up to 1.5 m in diameter. Flowering of the Canadian viburnum occurs in June and lasts about two weeks. The aroma of the flowers is weak, but develops at a distance of 1-2 m. Viburnum viburnum is considered a cold-resistant crop; it easily tolerates frosty winters, but unripe shoots can freeze. The viburnum species in question begins to bear fruit for the first time at 5-6 years. Subsequent fruiting is annual and abundant.
Unlike other representatives of the genus, Canadian viburnum is undemanding in terms of soil composition, although it has a negative attitude towards waterlogging and waterlogging. Shrubs are highly decorative and unpretentious, therefore ideal for landscaping personal plots and city parks and alleys. They can be grown either singly or in groups. The average life expectancy is 70-80 years. Viburnum is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Seeds need two-stage stratification, otherwise seed germination will not exceed 20%.
Growing conditions and planting
Canadian viburnum accepts light openwork partial shade; even in such conditions, the plants bloom profusely and produce good harvests. The culture accepts both plains and slopes, and all thanks to a well-developed root system. As mentioned above, Canadian viburnum is undemanding to the soil, but it develops best on slightly acidic or neutral, moderately moist, loose soils. Planting in close proximity to an artificial or natural reservoir is not prohibited, but water should not wash the root system.Planting seedlings in Canadian viburnum is carried out in early spring or autumn. The dimensions of the planting pit are 50*50 cm. The top layer of soil removed from the pit is mixed with peat or humus, and phosphorus (40 g), potassium (30 g) and nitrogen (30 g) fertilizers are applied. This approach will speed up the survival time. The optimal distance between shrubs is 1.5-2 m. With denser plantings, plants are more often affected by pests, which should not be allowed, since viburnum is not resistant to uninvited guests.
Collection and storage
Viburnum is harvested in dry weather. Collection is carried out together with umbrellas. Damaged and wrinkled berries are removed from the total mass. Berries are stored canned, frozen or dry. In all cases, they retain their beneficial properties, although it is undesirable to subject them to long-term heat treatment; five-minute jam is optimal. The berries are dried for several days in the open sun, covered with gauze to prevent flies, then placed in a drying cabinet and dried at a temperature of 60-65C. Dry berries are stored in fabric bags (linen or cotton).Usage
Canadian viburnum is good not only in landscape design, although this beauty is used in group and single plantings and hedges. Shrubs look especially impressive in combination with rowan, spruce, birch, linden and maple. It will be a wonderful decoration of the coastal zone.Viburnum viburnum is a honey plant. Its fruits are actively used in cooking - for preparing sauces for meat and fish, jelly, jelly, marshmallows, marmalade, jam, kvass, etc. The healing properties of viburnum are praised by the people; previously it was considered a symbol of beauty, purity and love. To this day, viburnum is famous for its healing effect; it is widely used in cosmetology for rejuvenating, toning and eliminating dry skin.
Viburnum berries boast a rich composition: oleic, isovaleric, valeric, acetic and formic acids, vitamin C, carotene, invert sugars, P-active compounds, pectin substances, mineral salts. Infusions, decoctions and berries ground with honey are useful for shortness of breath, colds, coughs, liver and kidney diseases, hypertension, vascular spasms, and nervous overexcitation. They are effective as a preventative against cancer, especially of the digestive system.
Name: comes from the Latin “viere” - to bind, to weave; since in ancient times the branches of European species of viburnum were used for weaving.
An ancient Slavic word, denoting, according to some scientists, a shrub that grows in a swamp, and according to others, indicating the bright red, as if heated, color of the fruit. Among many Slavic peoples, the color red is considered a symbol of girlish beauty, love and happiness. Viburnum - "wedding tree".
Before the wedding, the bride gave the groom a towel embroidered with viburnum leaves and berries. Tables and wedding tables were decorated with flowers. loaves, girlish wreaths. A bunch of viburnum fruits with a scarlet ribbon were placed on the treats with which the bride and groom treated the guests.
In central Russia, viburnum pies have long been baked: pureed viburnum fruits were placed between cabbage leaves and baked. This pie looked like a black cake and had a smell slightly reminiscent of valerian. There are many legends about this plant.
One of them tells how the girls led their enemies into the thicket of the forest to save their loved ones from imminent death. Viburnum bushes with red berries grew from the blood of the dead girls.
In Rus', agricultural work was associated with viburnum. This is reflected in the sayings: “barley is sown while the viburnum is blooming,” “rain on Akulina (April 7) - the viburnum will be good, if the spring grass is bad.”
Description
The genus contains about 200 species, distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of Eurasia, most of North America and North Africa. Many species have been introduced into culture. It is quite well known thanks to the popular viburnum.
They grow as deciduous, less often evergreen shrubs, and sometimes small trees. Most species are shade-tolerant and moisture-loving. All species have opposite, less often whorled, arrangement of leaves.
Leaves with stipules, entire, lobed or palmately lobed. The flowers are white, sometimes pinkish, collected in stitch-like inflorescences and are represented by two types: sterile - with a large perianth and fertile - very modest, small, narrow-tubular.
Red or blue-black fruits are drupes, mostly edible. Propagated by cuttings, layering, and seeds. Life expectancy is 50-60 years.
A resident of central Russia is well acquainted with viburnum due to the wide distribution of one of the species of this genus - Viburnum (Viburnum opulus). In the wild, it can be found in almost every forest - on the edge, clearing, clearing. Viburnum is grown in the front gardens of village houses, in summer cottages, and even in urban plantings.
Russians have long appreciated the common viburnum as an unpretentious shrub that responds with gratitude to the simplest care, giving in return bright flowering, lush autumn foliage and an abundance of beautiful and useful fruits. However, there are other species whose cultivation in open ground is possible in our country.
This is, in addition to our common viburnum, viburnum bureja (Viburnum burejaeticum), forked viburnum (V. furcatum), toothed viburnum (V. dentatum), viburnum viburnum (V. lantana), Canadian viburnum (V. lentago), Mongolian viburnum (V. mongolicum), Wright's viburnum (V. wrightii), Sargent's viburnum (V. sargentii), plum-leaved viburnum (V. prunifolium), three-lobed viburnum (V. trilobum).
Viburnums are very decorative. Most of them bloom in late May and early June, completing the spring riot of colors with their white, pinkish or yellowish inflorescences. Flowering is long, sometimes stretching for two or three weeks.
Some species (common viburnum, forked, Sargent, three-lobed) have very large, up to 12-15 cm in diameter, umbrella-shaped inflorescences, consisting of two types of flowers. In the center of the “umbrella” there are small tubular fertile flowers, which subsequently produce berries.
And along the edge there are large and brighter sterile ones, the main task of which is to attract pollinating insects. In other species (viburnum bureinskaya, jagged, Mongolian, gordovina, canadian gordovina, Wright's, plum-leaved) the inflorescences are formed only by fertile flowers, but their size, brightness and delicate aroma are also impressive. All viburnums are good honey plants.
Viburnums are also beautiful with their leaves. In common viburnum, three-lobed and Sargent, they are lobed, consisting of 3 or 5 lobes (in shape they are somewhat reminiscent of Norway maple leaves).
Viburnum Bureinskaya, forked, serrated, Mongolian, Wright, plum-leaved and both gourdovina have leaves of an unusual oval or elliptical shape for us. Summer color ranges from light green to rich dark green, but in autumn all viburnums display the brightest tones of the warm part of the spectrum - from yellow to carmine red.
The great poet was precise when he compared the viburnum bush with a burning fire. Against the background of such a fire, it is sometimes difficult to see the berries. The leaves of Viburnum fork are the most unusual: large, up to 25 cm long, rounded-ovate leaf blades are cut with a whimsical network of relief wrinkles. In autumn, they are painted with several colors at once - on one leaf you can simultaneously see green, yellow, scarlet, crimson, red-brown and purple spots.
Viburnum trees are also famous for their fruits. The berries of most species acquire color as early as August. They look contrasting against the background of a thick crown, delight the eye throughout the fall and decorate the bushes even in winter. In some species the fruits are red or pinkish-orange, juicy when ripe, like those of the common viburnum.
Other species produce black berries with a bluish or blue tinge. But there are also viburnums that have fruits of two colors in the cluster: some of them, mature, are black and shiny, others, unripe, are red. This contrast is especially beautiful and attractive. It is characteristic of viburnum gourdine and forked viburnum.
There is conflicting information about the edible properties of viburnum fruits: some report their exceptional value, while others write about their poisonous properties. This is true and not true. The fruits of almost all types of viburnum are edible (whether you like their taste or not is another question), but you should only eat fully ripe berries and know when to stop. Otherwise, vomiting and diarrhea may occur.
The edibility of the fruits of Viburnum Viburnum, Sargent, and triloba is reliably known. Their juicy red berries lose their tart bitterness after freezing, as well as when processed into jelly, jam, puree, and when drying the berries. Their fruits are not only tasty, but also have healing properties: they normalize blood pressure and improve digestion.
People use the fruits of common viburnum as a vitamin, tonic, diaphoretic and diuretic, as well as a mild laxative. Among the viburnums that have red fruits, the three-lobed viburnum is considered the most pleasant to taste and therefore in its homeland, North America, is called “cranberry” viburnum.
The berries of black-fruited viburnums (Bureinskaya, plum-leaved, Canadian pride) are also edible, they have a sweetish and somewhat mealy pulp.
Some species of viburnum have very beautiful decorative forms that differ from their wild ancestors in unusual features. external appearance. The most famous garden cultivar of common viburnum is
Buldenezh(Boule de Neige, or Sterile, Roseum). The name of this variety is translated into Russian from French as Snowball, or Snowball (although it would be simpler and clearer to call it “snowball”), because its main feature is large, up to 10 cm in diameter, spherical inflorescences of snow-white color consisting only of sterile flowers.
Such bushes do not produce fruit, but the abundance of “snowballs” hung throughout the bush at the end of May always surprises. Viburnum viburnum also has the Compactum form. This plant is quite modest in size, up to 1.5 m in height and in diameter, but in flowering and fruiting this variety is not inferior to wild viburnum.
There is also a real dwarf form of Nanum - a dense spherical bush, rarely exceeding 1 m in diameter. Funny dark green “balls” look very interesting on the lawn along with garden forms of coniferous plants, but they rarely bloom and bear fruit.
In viburnum, the most famous cultivars in culture are Variegatum and Aureum. The first form is remarkable for its marbled pattern of yellow and light green spots on wrinkled leaves; the second cultivar has greenish-yellow foliage.
Growing conditions
There are also a number of species of viburnums, the cultivation of which in central Russia would be very interesting if not for their poor winter hardiness. These are Carl's viburnum (V. carlesii), evergreen viburnum (V. tinus), rugose-leaved viburnum (V. rhytidophyllum), David's viburnum (V. davidii), fragrant viburnum (V. odoratissimum), fragrant viburnum (V . farreri), Japanese flower (V. japonicum), as well as a number of hybrids (V. x. burkwoodii, V. x. bodnantense, V. x. caricephalum).
They are beautiful and unusual, many are evergreens and have a strong and pleasant aroma of flowers. Some of these species can withstand pruning in classic green hedges.
In our harsh climate, sometimes, with very painstaking care and careful covering of plants for the winter, it is possible to keep them alive. But in this case, you will have to forget about flowering and especially cutting. These types of viburnums are suitable for the south and extreme south of Russia.
Location: Most types of viburnum grow and bear fruit well in partial shade. Thanks to their dense root system, they strengthen the soil well on slopes and slopes. Garden forms of viburnums should be planted in the most illuminated, sunny places of the summer cottage.
Only under these conditions will they fully demonstrate their decorative potential. For viburnum in the garden, select a place with excess moisture and optimal soil acidity of 5.5-6.5. If there is a pond in the garden, then there is no better place for viburnum.
Landing: Viburnum is planted in spring or autumn. The size of the pit is 50 x 50 cm. In addition to peat, it is necessary to add 40 - 50 g of phosphorus, 25 - 30 g of potassium and nitrogen to the pit. When planting, the seedling is deepened by 3 - 5 cm. The adventitious roots that appear improve survival rate. The distance between plants is 1.5 - 2.0 m.
Care: Fertilizing is carried out twice: before the beginning of the growing season and before the beginning of leaf fall. In the spring, add: nitrogen - 50 g, phosphorus - 40 g and potassium - 30 g per square meter. In the fall, only phosphorus and potassium are given, half the spring dose.
Fertilizers are scattered superficially, then the soil is hoeed or dug up, watered and mulched. To form a tree, one powerful shoot is left, all others are removed. Over the course of three years, one shoot is driven out, which will become the trunk of the tree. The height of the trunk is 1 - 1.2 m.
Viburnum should be rejuvenated by cutting off all old branches at a height of 15 - 20 cm from the soil surface. Viburnum black, forked, Carlsa, laurel-leaved, or evergreen, wrinkled are suitable for growing only in the south of Russia, but sometimes they can be preserved in the gardens of central Russia if they are reliably covered for the winter or hardened seedlings are obtained from nurseries.
Protection from pests and diseases: viburnum is often affected by the viburnum bark beetle (leaf beetle), which eats all the leaves, leaving only the veins. To combat it, plants are treated with 0.2% chlorophos.
Comma-shaped scale insects may appear on trunks and branches. A 0.1% solution of karbofos is used against it. To prevent diseases such as spotting and powdery mildew, treatment with tobacco, garlic or onion infusion is recommended throughout the season.
Reproduction: All viburnums are propagated by cuttings, layering, and seeds.
Seed propagation of viburnums has a number of features. Seeds sown after 6-7 months of stratification begin to germinate only in August: first, the root and subcotyledon begin to grow, the embryonic bud remains alone. The emergence of cotyledons to the surface and shedding of covers occurs in the spring of next year.
Considering this circumstance, beds with viburnum crops should be covered with leaves and peat during the first winter. To accelerate seed germination, stratification is used in two stages at variable temperature. To begin root growth, a temperature of +18-20°C is required, and to pass through the dormant state -3...-5°C.
Therefore, after 2.5-3 months of warm stratification, the seeds are placed for 3-4 months under cold stratification conditions and only then sown in the ground. The seeding rate is 8-15 g, germination rate is 54-88%. When sowing in autumn with freshly harvested seeds, seedlings appear only after a year.
The first two years, seedlings grow slowly, and from the third year their growth accelerates. Plants of seed origin bear fruit in 4-5 years. The fruit yield from a well-developed plant at the age of 10-15 years is 10-25 kg.
Decorative forms are best propagated by green cuttings. Cuttings from 2-3 year old wood take root better. Green cuttings can be rooted if they are cut during the period of active shoot growth.
At present, there is probably no summer resident who does not grow various shrubs or trees on his plot. Some of them are planted simply for beauty, but, as a rule, many also have useful properties. Viburnum is one of the most common garden plants, valued for the medicinal properties of its berries. In spring, viburnum pleases the eye with beautiful white flowers, and in autumn it is covered with small
Since ancient times, viburnum (a tree or shrub is a plant, we will learn a little further) has been used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Moreover, not only the berries, but also the bark and leaves have healing properties. But the most active phytonutrients are found in edible fruits.
general information
Today, many people are interested in the question of what kind of tree or shrub? Viburnum belongs to the shrubs that are well adapted to the climatic conditions of our country. Berries are a good source of vitamins, especially in winter, and also have excellent healing properties.
The berries ripen in mid-autumn, when other garden crops no longer produce a harvest. The berries are best eaten when the first frost occurs, as they become less bitter.
Red viburnum, whose beneficial medicinal properties have been known for a very long time, has a powerful and branched root system. In close proximity to the soil surface, a continuous turf forms over time, thanks to which the shrub prevents soil erosion.
The shrub is unpretentious in care, so growing it is quite simple, but you need to know a few tricks and also take into account some features. For example, viburnum takes root in moist places, but it is better to plant the plant on dry soils where there is no groundwater.
from viburnum
In rural areas, gardeners plant viburnum along the perimeter of their land. Such planting creates a hedge, which delights with its beauty during flowering and ripening of berries. Therefore, if you want viburnum to grow in your dacha (it’s a tree or shrub, we already have an idea), you can use a similar planting principle.
It is worth noting that viburnum, regardless of the variety, goes well with other garden plants, so with its help you can perfectly decorate your garden plot.
Viburnum common: general information and useful properties
The berries of this amazing shrub are used in folk medicine to treat various ailments. They are a good source of vitamin C, of which there is much more in viburnum than in lemons. By eating just 100 grams of these small red berries every day, you will provide yourself with the necessary amount of vitamins and will get sick much less often.
In addition, viburnum (a tree or shrub is no longer in doubt) helps improve the functioning of the circulatory system. Berries are rich in vitamins C, E, P and K, as well as carotene, so they help strengthen the immune system.
The bark of the shrub is also widely used in folk medicine. It contains ether-like oils, which, when infused in boiling water, are converted into organic acids and chemical compounds that have healing properties.
Consumption of viburnum promotes:
- normalization of cholesterol levels in the blood;
- stimulates expectoration during bronchitis;
- normalizes blood pressure in various diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- accelerates the treatment of certain skin diseases;
- increases bile production;
- improves the tone of the uterine muscles;
- improves the general condition of diabetes mellitus;
- normalizes the functioning of the digestive system;
- improves the well-being of women during menstruation;
- helps reduce swelling of the heart and kidneys;
- normalizes blood pressure.
Despite the fact that viburnum (a tree or shrub, we already know) has an impressive number of healing properties, it is nevertheless not recommended for people who have low blood pressure, hypercoagulability or individual intolerance to berries.
What varieties are there?
In nature, there are about 200 varieties of this, among which there are those whose berries may not be red, but of another color, for example, black. Thanks to the efforts of breeders, today there are varieties with large berries, high yields and excellent healing properties. Let's look at the most common varieties that the vast majority of gardeners grow in their gardens.
Zhalobovskaya
One of the best varieties that have gained great popularity. The berries have a great taste and unique aroma, and are also rich in a large number of useful elements. From one bush you can harvest up to six kilograms of crop per season.
Vigorovskaya
Vigorovskaya viburnum, ornamental trees and shrubs will look great on a personal plot. It has a yield of about ten kilograms of fruit. The berries have a bright red color and a perfect round shape. The bushes grow up to three meters in height. The berries have a bitter taste, which becomes less pronounced after processing.
Ulgen
This variety differs from the others in that the berry ripening period begins later. The berries are sweet with a slight bitter aftertaste. One bush is capable of producing up to eight kilograms of fruit per season, which can be stored for a long period of time.
Taiga rubies
This variety is highly resistant to severe frosts, so it can be grown in regions with harsh climates. The berries are dark red in color. Productivity is at the level of eight kilograms.
Zarnitsa
Another representative of winter-hardy varieties, with stable yields that last for 20 years. The fruits are bright red. During the season, one bush will allow you to collect up to six kilograms of berries.
Gordovina
Viburnum Gordovina (ornamental shrubs and trees and can be used in landscape design) is a widespread variety. The berries have a black color and a unique taste, for which many gardeners value this variety. The shape of the berries is very similar to common viburnum. The crown of the bush is lush and has the correct shape. The plant can grow up to six meters in height. The flowering period begins in late spring and lasts for several weeks.
Features of planting and care
Any of the varieties discussed above is excellent for growing in our country, even in regions with a harsh climate. Many varieties with high frost resistance are suitable for growing in Siberia.
So, we grow a viburnum bush (not a tree) in our garden plot. The optimal time to plant the plant is spring or autumn. Moreover, no matter what period you choose, planting is carried out according to a similar principle. But in order for the shrub to take root normally in your garden, it is very important to choose high-quality planting material. To do this, you need to inspect the bush for any defects. When purchasing planting material, it is better to give preference to seedlings aged 2-3 years. If you want to plant several shrubs in the garden, then planting should be done according to the standard principle.
The holes for planting should be approximately 50 centimeters wide and about 40 cm deep. There is one important nuance here. Only those seedlings that have at least three developed buds on their cuttings should be planted. Such a plant will quickly take root and begin to grow and develop. The shrub will begin to bear fruit approximately in the third year after planting.
The red viburnum bush (review of varieties and descriptions was discussed above) is very easy to care for. Before the onset of winter, it is recommended to feed the plant with manure. If you can't get it, you can also use potato peelings, banana skins or used tea leaves. Despite the fact that these are very simple elements, they will nevertheless saturate the earth with minerals that are necessary for the normal growth and development of the shrub. It is not recommended to use chemicals, as this will not make the berries environmentally friendly.
As for watering, given the climate and average rainfall, the plant feels great without it. But if the summer is too hot and without rain, then it is still necessary to water it.
Breeding viburnum
We already know what viburnum, a shrub or a tree is, and we also have an idea about the features of planting and caring for this wonderful plant. But how to propagate this shrub? There are several ways to do this, but we will look at the most common of them. To implement it, you will need to tilt the lower branch of the bush, bend it and dig it in. If you do this in the spring, then by autumn the root system will have formed, and the branch can be separated from the main bush and replanted in a new place.
Harvesting, storage and preparation
Different varieties ripen in different ways, so you need to start harvesting based on the ripening period of the berries of a particular variety of viburnum. Most often, the berries are completely ready for picking in early or mid-autumn. The brushes with berries are trimmed and stored in the freezer. The berries are great for making jam or juice, which have a unique taste and aroma. In addition, the berries can be ground with sugar, placed in sealed containers and used in winter to make healing tea.
Conclusion
Viburnum (a tree or shrub, this plant is of no fundamental importance) is a very common garden crop, which is valued for the high benefits of its berries. If we compare viburnum with other fruit and berry plants, then in terms of its beneficial properties it ranks practically in first place. Therefore, if you have free space for planting in your garden, then be sure to plant at least one viburnum bush. It will not only be a good decoration for your garden plot, delighting the eye with its beauty, but will also provide you with a healthy harvest that will help overcome many diseases.
» Kalina
Kalina! Where did the name of this healing plant come from and what does it look like? According to one version the berries of the bush become tasty and sweet after they are “hardened” by frost. Let's take a closer look at the common viburnum, its varieties and species, described below.
Viburnum viburnum is a shrub, the fruits of which have been used as food by our ancestors for many centuries. In our harsh conditions, this was an additional source of vitamins, especially in late autumn, when the period of fruiting and ripening of other berry crops was already completely completed by this time. People started eating bright red berries after the first frost., when the bitterish astringent taste disappeared, the silt became smaller.
Great-grandmothers had a sign: if you put a sprig of blooming viburnum in the bedroom, then even a tired husband, after a hard day at work, will love more deeply.
The peculiarities of the root system of the berry crop were successfully used. It is powerful and extensive. As a result, a continuous sod formed in the top layer of soil. That's why Viburnum was often planted in courtyard areas where the soil was most susceptible to erosion(hills, slopes, ravines).
Common viburnum is an unpretentious plant, but to successfully grow it in your summer cottage, you need to know some tricks. For example, if in its natural habitat, viburnum loves moist places, then in cultural plantings, if possible, it is better to give preference to dry soils with low groundwater levels.
What does a hedge look like?
For a long time, villagers grew viburnum around the perimeter of the site. The result was a dense hedge that hid the house from prying prying eyes. Modern owners can use this experience of their ancestors. Now, if you have a variety of gardening tools, you can form an ecological fence any height and shape. After all, viburnum is a universal plant.
It goes well with various trees and shrubs, so you can use both group plantings and single ones. It’s a good idea to plant viburnum in areas with slopes and slopes to strengthen them, using the biological feature of a well-developed rhizome.
Description of viburnum: benefits and harms
Viburnum berries have healing properties for various diseases. The fruits contain large amounts of vitamin C, twice as much as in citrus fruits, in 100 grams is the daily dose needed by a person.
Viburnum fruits, due to their high vitamin C content, are the best hematopoietic agent compared to other medicinal plants. The fruits also contain vitamins E and K, carotene and vitamin P in small quantities. Thus, vitamin C strengthens the immune system, and vitamin P promotes better absorption.
The bark of the plant has healing properties. It contains ester-like, tannin and resinous substances, from which, upon hydrolysis, various organic acids and chemical compounds are formed. This huge diversity in the chemical composition of the viburnum fruit bark determines the pharmacological properties of the plant.
Benefit:
- Reduces the level cholesterol;
- Possesses expectorant effect;
- Improves general condition for heart diseases(hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis);
- Helps with skin diseases(eczema, carbunculosis);
- Increases bile production(hepatitis, cholecystitis);
- Increases tone uterine muscles;
- Used for illness diabetes mellitus;
- Improves digestion;
- Use with heavy menstruation;
- Reduces swelling(heart, kidney);
- Decreases arterial pressure.
Contraindications:
- Low pressure;
- Increased blood clotting;
- Individual intolerance;
- Exists risk of developing pathologies in the fetus, so pregnant women should avoid using this plant.
Types and varieties of red and black berries
Viburnum has a huge number of species - about 200. There is viburnum with black fruits, and there are forms in the form of evergreen shrubs. Viburnum viburnum is widespread in our latitudes. Thanks to selection, cultivated fruit varieties are superior to wild ones in yield, size of berries and chemical composition.
Zhalobovskaya
A good variety for home use. Suitable for both storage and processing. The pulp will please you with the minimal presence of bitterness, the yield is 5 – 6 kg per bush.
Vigorovskaya
The berries are bright red, pea-shaped, weighing 0.5 g. Bitter taste, after processing it becomes slightly bitter. The plant grows up to 3 m. Productivity 6 – 10 kg per bush.
Ulgen
A universal variety with a late ripening period. The berries are bittersweet in taste, store well and are easily processed. Productivity per bush 5 – 8 kg.
Taiga rubies
An annual fruiting, winter-hardy variety. The berries attract attention with their unusual dark ruby color. Average yield per bush 7 – 8 kg.
Zarnitsa
The variety is winter-hardy, stable yield for 20 years. The color of the berries is bright red. Average yield per bush 6 kg.
Rules for planting and care
All of the listed varieties can be successfully grown at dachas in the Moscow region. In Western Siberia, this plant is cultivated south of 61°N latitude; in Eastern Siberia, it grows in the basins of the Yenisei and Angara rivers.
Plant viburnum in spring or autumn. Autumn planting is no different from spring planting. Before you start planting this medicinal plant, you need to pay attention to the quality of the planting material. We visually check for the absence of visible defects. It is necessary to buy 2-3 year old seedlings for planting.
It is better to plant according to the classic scheme of 5 by 3 meters.
We dig a hole with 2 shovels wide and 1.5 deep. It is important that there are at least 3 well-developed buds on the surface of our cuttings. The bush will delight you with the first healing harvest in 3–4 years. Maintenance is easy. In the fall, it will not be a bad idea to fertilize with manure; if it is not possible to get this valuable biological material, you can successfully use potato peelings, tea leaves, and banana skins.
These seemingly simple elements will enrich the soil with minerals. In our technological age, it is better to use as little chemicals as possible on your summer cottage. But if absolutely nothing, then go to the store: they have the widest selection of complex fertilizers and fertilizers. Usually in our climate plants do not need watering. But even in the temperate zone there are dry summers. In this case, a caring owner should not forget about this unpretentious culture.
Reproduction
Collection and preparation for the winter
Viburnum is harvested in September-October, depending on the variety. Clusters of berries are cut off with pruning shears. Fruits in clusters are stored in the refrigerator or freezer. Viburnum makes aromatic jam, jam, delicious juice and kvass.
Healing juice
Recipe No. 1. Take 1 kg of berries and squeeze the juice. Pour a glass of water over the pulp and boil for 5 minutes. Then strain and combine with juice. Add 200 g of sugar to the mixture, bring to a boil and pour into containers. Seal tightly.
Marmalade from viburnum berries and apples
Recipe No. 2. You need to take apples and viburnum berries, wash, cook separately until soft, mix and rub through a sieve. Pour sugar into the resulting product in a one-to-one ratio and simmer over low heat, stirring occasionally until a thick mass forms. When this mass leaves the spoon and the bottom of the dish, the dish is ready.
Pour the resulting marmalade into a shallow bowl, let the product cool and dry it in the oven at a temperature of 60 o C.
Conclusion
Viburnum viburnum has beneficial properties in such quantities that it can compete with many other gifts of nature. Summer residents and gardeners should take a close look at this healing and unpretentious plant. After all this healing culture will benefit the whole family, especially during colds, and for better preservation of valuable qualities you need to use a freezer.
