How to waterproof a basement: materials, mixtures, methods of performing the work. DIY basement wall waterproofing technology Wall waterproofing technology

Construction of a foundation without prior protection from precipitation and groundwater is fraught with moisture penetration through the structure of concrete, which has pores in the surface of walls and basement floors. The appearance of dampness in basement-type rooms is a prerequisite for an increased level of humidity in it, the appearance of fungus and an unpleasant odor. In addition, the presence of any surfaces without insulation is a potential place for loss of a limited amount of heat in the room. Finally, cracks that form when exposed to moisture can reduce the strength of the structure and reduce the service life of the structure.

Where does dampness come from in basements?

The appearance of dampness on the walls of basement-type premises, which contributes to the appearance of fungal formations, which in turn are a source of unpleasant odor, is associated with poor-quality waterproofing or its absence.

Other consequences that arise from non-compliance with SNiP standards are leakage in the area of ​​​​the seams or at the junction of foundation elements. Among the factors influencing the appearance of dampness are the following:

• Lack of tightness at the joints of the material used for waterproofing. The defect appears as a result of improper installation or changes in the internal properties of the material under the influence of groundwater or precipitation.
• Performing a blind area in violation of technology, causing damage or destruction. In case of precipitation penetration from the outside of the building, waterproofing should be done in these places. Carrying out this operation involves eliminating the poor-quality blind area and building a new one.
• Systematic formation of condensate associated with temperature changes in the external environment. This occurs when the basement structure is improperly designed, in which warm air tending to rise upward interacts with the cold surface of the walls.

Measures to prevent dampness

Preventive measures to prevent high humidity in basements include:

• elimination of damaged foundation layers;
• processing of cleaned surfaces with a metal brush or using fixed brushes or abrasive on the surface of the hammer drill;
• digging canals;
• drainage for the purpose of draining water;
• laying horizontal and vertical waterproofing;
• construction of a blind area.

Requirements for waterproofing and blind area

To eliminate the destructive influence of water on the surface of the foundation and walls, it is necessary to meet a number of conditions that provide protection against the penetration of any types of moisture. Among the main requirements for waterproofing:

• ensuring the presence of a protective coating around the perimeter of the entire fenced area;
• applying a protective layer against the threat of groundwater penetration during the spring flood and the action of hydrostatic pressure;
• correct selection of a waterproofing scheme, taking into account seasonal fluctuations in groundwater levels, the type of existing groundwater, and the coefficient of water permeability;
• selection of protective material in accordance with individual conditions at the site of foundation construction;
• applying a protective layer to the level of the base in order to prevent the impact of snow on the foundation and walls during large amounts of precipitation;
• When the groundwater level is close to the surface of the earth, there is a high risk of creating an overly moistened area; to avoid this, a drainage system for water removal is installed.

Performing a blind area

The construction of any type of foundation must include several types of protection from the effects of groundwater and precipitation. To protect the foundation and walls of the structure from the effects of rain, melted snow and other types of precipitation, a blind area is made along the entire perimeter of the building. The blind area is a strip of asphalt, stone, tiles or concrete of varying widths and thicknesses, at an angle of up to 10°. The width of the blind area, as a rule, is in the range of 60-120 cm, the thickness is selected based on the conditions of the site and the material used. It is performed in the direction from the foundation and walls of the building in order to drain precipitation. The requirements for the material for the blind area are the absence of mechanical damage and moisture transmission. This type of coating is used for any type of construction and, when done correctly, does an excellent job of protecting the building from moisture penetration.

Waterproofing against groundwater

The situation is more complicated with waterproofing equipment to prevent exposure to groundwater. One of the main factors, depending on which a certain type of waterproofing device is chosen, is the groundwater level at the construction site. Even with deep groundwater, during a seasonal rise in its level, there is a danger that it will reach the level of the foundation and walls of the structure. In some cases, for example, when building a house on water-resistant soils, water moves in the direction of least soil resistance, that is, in the direction of the foundation. Water-resistant soils include sandy loam, loamy and clayey types.

Types of groundwater

When choosing the type of waterproofing, it is important to take into account the specifics of the foundation and the pressure characteristics of groundwater. In general, according to the last feature, 4 types of groundwater are distinguished:

• groundwater in a free-flowing state;
• sources of moisture with low pressure;
• pressure type of groundwater is characterized by the possibility of independent release to the surface;
• sources of moisture in a closed volume, also classified as suspended.

Waterproofing the foundation and basement: types and technology

Types of waterproofing of foundations and basements

To fully protect against moisture, it is necessary to perform waterproofing in two planes:

1. Vertical insulation is performed to protect against the influence of groundwater from the basement walls. This can happen when the groundwater level rises or when a structure is built on water-resistant soils. There are two options for protection against moisture: using bitumen in rolls, glued to the surface of the wall, or by applying several layers of bitumen in a liquid state to them.
2. The horizontal type of moisture insulation is used if the base of the basement coincides with the location of groundwater in height or if there is high-density clay soil. The horizontal type of moisture insulation is carried out in the form of a protective layer applied along the perimeter of the plane according to one of three options, depending on the location and pressure characteristics of groundwater.

In the first case of groundwater location below the level of the base of a structure without a basement, for protection it is enough to apply a 2-3cm layer of cement-sand mixture at a height of 15-30cm from the base over the entire area of ​​the foundation.

In the case of low groundwater levels and the presence of a basement in the house, a protective coating is provided on the outside and during the construction of the foundation. Possible combinations include combining protection along the edge of the foundation structure, covering the walls with molten bitumen and providing protection at floor level.

When groundwater occurs close to the surface of the soil for foundations and walls of a room, waterproofing involves performing several types of protection. Among them: uniform application of a 20-30cm layer of cement-sand mixture, laying of protective material in several layers, vertical type protection carried out by applying several layers of bitumen placed on mastic.

Waterproofing of foundations and walls for different levels of groundwater provides for protection according to one of the following schemes:

• When installing waterproofing in an area with groundwater located at a depth of up to a meter from the foundation level, taking into account the rise of capillary-type water, it is recommended to carry out coating protection.
• When groundwater is located at a greater depth, some experts recommend abandoning waterproofing, however, taking into account the possible impact of site development on groundwater, it is better to carry out protection using coating-type insulation.
• In the case of a high location of groundwater, reaching the level of the lower part of the base of the building, it is recommended to jointly perform waterproofing with the installation of a drainage system.

Waterproofing technology

For strip foundation

Before waterproofing, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the foundation is as flat as possible. It is necessary to apply molten mastic with bitumen to the surface of the base, placing them in an even layer. On top there is a roofing material covering with an overlap of up to 20 cm. It is possible, after leveling and drying the surface, to apply protection in the form of a spray coating on which a reinforced coating is applied. Another option for a protective coating is to apply a cement-sand mortar.

For pile foundation

For the manufacture of structural elements, it is assumed that moisture-resistant grades of concrete will be used. Considering the difficulty of performing waterproofing at the location of the pile foundation support structures, it is carried out at the level of the grillage.

Insulation of walls and floor surfaces from the inside of the room is carried out to protect the joints of elements. If there are large gaps left at the joints, they are sealed by packing them with a layer of clay. The thickness of the places where the base elements are connected must be at least 2 cm. After sealing the seams, mastic is applied to the surface of the walls, followed by fastening the reinforcement and sealing the area with a layer of plaster.

Typical foundation waterproofing schemes

Application of coating protection

Coating protection is represented by liquid compositions based on bitumen mastic using various additives. When painting the foundation and basement walls from moisture, a layer of a special mixture is applied to the prepared surfaces, which has hydrophobic characteristics after drying. The most common practice is to make several thin layers of a protective composition, on which a layer of clay is applied. The thickness of the clay coating is up to 5cm. The areas between the blocks or bricks are filled with mastic, after which the wall is treated with a spatula until flatness is achieved.

Application of penetrating waterproofing

This type of protective coating is characterized by penetration into the structure of the material, due to which a monolithic composition without gaps is formed, which has hydrophobic characteristics. An additional advantage of this type of protective coating is that the resulting structure is resistant to temperature fluctuations. In this case, there is no possibility of condensation forming, since this type of protection has the ability to allow steam to pass through. Molten glass is used as a material for penetrating waterproofing. After cleaning the wall surface from the previous coating and brushing it with a metal brush, the composition is prepared. It is done by adding powder to water while stirring the mixture. The mixture is applied starting from the corners, after preliminary moistening the surface. Several more can be applied to the first layer with a break between approaches of up to 3 hours necessary for the previous layer of the mixture to dry.

Waterproofing using cement-sand mortar

It is common practice to use a hydrophobic type of cement or Portland cement to perform a protective coating. This type of coating is highly reliable and has the best characteristics, while at the same time having the greatest labor costs. After cleaning the surface of the walls and wetting them with water, the solution is prepared. The mixture should have a thick and at the same time plastic consistency and should not contain large fractions. The consistency will depend on the planned thickness of the applied coating. The composition is evenly distributed over the plane of the foundation and walls.

Pasted waterproofing

It is one of the most commonly used types of protective coatings in practice, made using waterproofing agent or roofing felt. These materials are glued to mastic previously applied to the surface of the walls, or fixed by melting the composition with a gas burner. The required number of layers of roofing material will depend on the pressure characteristics of groundwater. After cleaning the surface of the foundation and walls from dirt and leveling, it is necessary to coat their surface with a primer that has good adhesive properties. The material for gluing is prepared by cutting strips of roofing felt from rolls. Their length is equal to the height of the basement with the addition of 15 cm of allowance for fixation on the floor surface. The surface of the walls is covered with mastic, after which the resulting strips of insulation material are attached to it with an overlap of 10-15 cm and the joints are treated with TechnoNIKOL.

Underground structures that are located below the ground level, especially foundations and walls of basements, are exposed to the most intense moisture. In this case, the origin of ground moisture, on which the nature of the impact depends, can be divided into three groups:

The first two groups do not exert hydrostatic pressure on underground structures, which makes them different from groundwater. Filtration and soil moisture, which may contain aggressive substances, penetrate underground structures under the influence of capillary forces, causing accelerated corrosion of materials, which leads to various deformations of structures. In addition, moisture through capillaries in the foundation material can penetrate into overlying basement structures, basement walls and walls located above ground level. This causes dampness in the premises, the formation of fungus and mold, and creates an unhealthy microclimate in the residential areas of the basement and above.

Groundwater can seep through wall structures, flooding basements.

As an example, we can cite the experience of using old cellars. Such cellars, intended for storing food, were traditionally built as separate buried structures on individual development sites in cities and villages. After some time, some owners who had not taken any measures for waterproofing were surprised that their cellar was periodically flooded or there were constantly damp walls, and in the neighboring area - where the cellar was waterproofed from groundwater according to all the rules , the inside of the cellar is always dry. Similar examples can be cited from the experience of operating basements and ground floors.

In order to prevent the negative impact of various types of ground moisture on underground structures, as well as their penetration into rooms located below the planning level - basements, technical undergrounds, basement floors - insulation is carried out in various ways using different materials. The methods of its construction depend on the following conditions:

• type and nature of groundwater impact;
• the presence of a basement or technical underground;
• foundation designs - strip monolithic or prefabricated, columnar, pile, monolithic slab and others.

Based on the conditions of exposure to ground moisture, protection methods are divided into several types.

a) external waterproofing against pressure groundwater;

b) internal – from pressure groundwater;

c) internal for tanks;

d) roof-shaped insulation of underground structures from seepage water;

e) waterproofing the walls of basements and basements from soil moisture, which is divided into several subtypes:
1 – vertical; 2 – horizontal; 3 – floors.

It should be noted that when taking measures to protect the underground parts of structures, waterproofing for the foundation is first of all necessary.

Waterproofing monolithic foundations in a building without a basement

The foundations of any building are among the most significant and critical structures, on the reliability of which the reliability of the entire structure largely depends. During operation, foundations are inevitably exposed to various types of ground moisture, therefore waterproofing of foundations, types and methods of its implementation must be taken in accordance with the instructions of current building regulations, which is a key point in ensuring their durability.

• in the absence of a basement;
• with a full residential basement;
• with technical underground.

When constructing individual housing that does not have a basement, it is possible to waterproof the strip foundation with your own hands, since the amount of work is small and not particularly difficult. The main thing is that you need to select a material for waterproofing the foundation that matches the conditions and nature of the impact of groundwater, know the rules for carrying out waterproofing work and follow the sequence of each operation. In addition to waterproofing the foundation, it is necessary to waterproof the base, that is, the part of the wall structures between the upper edge of the foundation and the walls above the zero level.

According to the regulatory document “SP 28.13330.2012 Code of rules “Protection of building structures from corrosion” (updated version of SNiP 2.03.11-85)”, protection of structures is divided into primary and secondary.

Primary protection of monolithic foundations consists in the selection and use of concrete with various additives made using special technology during their construction.

Secondary protection consists of waterproofing foundation structures by covering their surface with various materials or impregnating them with penetrating compounds. More detailed information about the types of secondary protection through waterproofing devices and the materials used can be obtained in the article “”

The aggressiveness of groundwater, taking into account the concentration of various chemicals in it, is divided into three degrees:

• slightly aggressive;
• moderately aggressive;
• highly aggressive.

Let's consider which waterproofing is better for the foundation with all kinds of aggressive effects on it.

Primary protection - the composition of concrete and its water resistance - are selected taking into account the characteristics of aggressive effects obtained from an engineering-geological report using special tables of regulatory documents. For example, here is the table “ B.1 – The degree of aggressive influence of sulfates in soils on concrete of waterproof grades W4 - W20 from Appendix “B” SP 28.13330.2012":

Table B.1

Selection of the required composition and properties of concrete for a monolithic foundation consists in determining such a ratio of the type of cement and water resistance at which the degree of aggressive action will be reduced to the category of slightly aggressive.

The type of secondary protection - waterproofing of the concrete foundation - is selected according to Table N.1 of Appendix "N" SP 28.13330.2012 taking into account the type of groundwater, the amount of pressure, in the presence of hydrostatic pressure, the chemical aggressiveness of water and other requirements. Waterproofing methods:

• painting;
• pasting;
• impregnating;
• plastering

When painting and pasting the protected surface, compositions based on bitumen and its various modifications with the addition of polymers are used; for plaster waterproofing, compositions based on cement and asphalt binders are used.

When constructing monolithic foundations for individual housing, paint (coating) foundation insulation is most often used. This type of protection is designed to prevent the effects of capillary moisture in the absence of hydrostatic pressure. If there is groundwater on the site, other types of waterproofing should be used - pasting or plaster with wall drainage.

In order to prevent the capillary rise of moisture through the body of the monolithic foundation into the material above the base, horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is installed, for which a screed made of mortar in a ratio of 1:2 of cement and sand, 20 mm thick, or covering the foundation edges from rolled materials in two layers of roofing material is used, hydroisol and others.

As an example, let’s look at how to paint a foundation with your own hands using bitumen mastic.

Technology of painting waterproofing of monolithic strip foundation

When painting a monolithic foundation, you can use the instructions of standard technological maps, for example, TTK "Technological map for the installation of paint waterproofing of foundations with cold bitumen mastics".

Paint insulation of a monolithic foundation is carried out when the concrete has gained sufficient strength, which depends on the air temperature at which the concrete hardens. At an average temperature of about 20 °C, the formwork is removed 7-10 days after pouring, then you can begin waterproofing work, which includes the following steps:

• surface preparation;
• primer;
• coating with a working layer of waterproofing composition;
• caring for the applied coating.

Surface preparation

At this stage, it is necessary to remove contaminants - sagging and drips of solution, oil stains, rust, and remove dust before priming. Cleaning is done using brushes and rinsing with water. If there are protruding ends of the reinforcement, they need to be cut off, holes and cracks should be sealed and grouted with cement mortar. Before starting the next step, 5% of the surface should be wet.

Primer

Priming consists of applying a layer of primer composition using brushes or paint rollers in two passes. In this case, compositions corresponding to the main materials for waterproofing are used. The primer layer, which improves the adhesion of the surface and the main waterproofing composition, is applied in strips of uniform thickness so that each adjacent strip covers the previous one by 150-200 mm.

The second penetration is carried out after the first layer has completely dried. The coating of a monolithic foundation is carried out from the inside and outside, that is, wherever the surfaces of the foundation will come into contact with the ground.

Coating with a working layer

Coating with bitumen mastic is also carried out with brushes or paint rollers in two or three layers after the primer has completely dried. The thickness of each layer can be 0.2-0.8 mm. Then the total thickness of the waterproofing can be up to 2.5 mm. Just like the installation of a primer layer, the application of waterproofing layers is carried out in strips, the width of which can be about 2 m, only the overlap of adjacent strips should be 20-25 cm. The principle of applying the next layer only after the previous one has completely dried should also be observed.

Work on priming and applying a waterproofing layer must be carried out at a temperature not lower than +10 ° C. For painting waterproofing work, mastics and primers can be used, the choice of which is varied - detailed information about the types of mastics and compositions for painting waterproofing can be obtained in the articles “”, “”.

Surface care

Caring for the coating: the surface of the waterproofing layer is kept until the composition completely sets for a week, without causing damage, at an optimal temperature of 20-25 ° C. After this, you can backfill with soil.

Work quality control

Control over the quality of work performed, which should take into account the requirements SNiP 3.04.01-87 “Insulating and finishing coatings”, includes three stages:

• checking the quality and compliance of the materials used (incoming inspection);
• checking the correctness of the work after completion of each operation (operational control);
• acceptance of work after complete completion (acceptance control).

Incoming control certifies that bitumen compositions have passports, certificates of conformity and their shelf life has not been exceeded. The materials must be accompanied by instructions for use indicating the name of the manufacturer, the name of the mastic with a description of the composition, time of manufacture, weight and shelf life.

After completing the preparation of foundation surfaces, it is necessary to inspect them and establish that there are no dirt, defects, ends of protruding reinforcement, and that the surface is dry and smooth.

At the end of priming, visually check the surface to ensure the uniformity of the applied layer and to identify unprimed areas. If such places are found, they are additionally coated with a primer.

During operational and subsequent acceptance inspection, make sure that the surface is covered without gaps, swelling, peeling and drips. The thickness of the applied layers of primer and waterproofing can be controlled by calculating the consumable material in relation to a certain area of ​​the protected surface, as well as by using a measuring tool - a graduated probe, which is used to pierce the waterproofing layer in some places.

According to the standards, it is necessary to carry out five control checks per 7-100 m² of area. Since the coating with paint insulation is carried out in two or three layers, one layer is 0.2-0.8 mm, the total thickness of the waterproofing can then be up to 2.5 mm.

Identified areas with defects and gaps must be cleaned down to the base and re-coated with a layer of primer and basic waterproofing layers.

Before backfilling the soil, the finished waterproofing coating should be kept for a week, even possibly up to 10 days, without damaging the surface at a temperature of 18-25 ° C.

Waterproofing of monolithic foundations and walls in a building with a basement

If the building has a basement, the waterproofing of the basement during construction is selected taking into account the humidity conditions in the basement and the type of exposure to groundwater.

According to SP 28.13330.2012 in rooms located below the floor of the first floor, there can be three humidity modes: dry (humidity less than 60%), normal (with humidity 60-75%) and wet (with humidity more than 75%). If the basement is used for housing, then it is understood that the interior must be dry.

The method of waterproofing basement residential premises can be selected according to Table 3 of the regulatory document “Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures”, Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings, Moscow, 1996

Table 3. Type of waterproofing of basement walls depending on the regulated humidity of the premises.

The “+” sign is allowed for use.

The sign “-” is not allowed for use or not recommended.

1) Polymer-based paint insulation.

2) Shotcrete should be provided on the outer and inner sides of the insulated structure, with a device on the pressure side on top of the shotcrete layer of paintable waterproofing.

3) Shotcrete should be provided only on the pressure side with the device on top of the shotcrete layer of paintable waterproofing.

Let's consider the device of adhesive waterproofing of basement walls and foundations, which is used in the presence of groundwater pressure.

Primary protection - the composition and water resistance of concrete - is selected in the order described above according to the tables in Appendix "B" SP 28.13330.2012.

Installation of adhesive waterproofing

Pasted basement waterproofing from groundwater consists of covering the protected surfaces with rolled materials in several layers using gluing with appropriate mastics and adhesives. There are roll materials that have an adhesive layer on one side, which is heated by gas burners during the work. Such materials are called weldable materials.

Pasted insulation is used to protect basement walls only from the outside - at a water pressure of 0.5-0.6 MPa. This type of waterproofing from the inside of basement walls is excluded, since it is impossible to apply any finishing coating on a surface covered with rolled waterproofing materials due to zero adhesion.

Work on adhesive insulation can be carried out following the instructions of regulatory documents - technological map TTK "Vertical waterproofing of the foundation slab (underground part)" And TTK-100029434.094-2010 “Typical technological map for the installation of adhesive waterproofing with fused materials on monolithic reinforced concrete walls”.

Waterproofing of the basement floor from the outside is carried out with materials made from fiberglass or polyester base, impregnated with modified bitumen compounds. Complete information about the types of materials used for adhesive and built-up waterproofing can be obtained from the articles "", "".

The procedure for installing adhesive waterproofing includes:

• surface preparation;
• installation of protective structures.

Surface preparation

Surface preparation is similar to the preparation before painting waterproofing described above and consists of cleaning from dirt, removing dust, drying to a standard 5% humidity, and priming with bituminous compounds. The joints of the horizontal surface of the foundations with the vertical surfaces of the basement walls are preliminarily covered with two or three strips of rolled material 400-500 mm wide for reinforcement.

The rolled materials are rolled out a day before the start of work so that they take an even shape and cut into pieces corresponding in length to the height of the basement walls, taking into account the overlap on the horizontal surface of the protruding parts of the foundation.

The vertical surfaces of the basement walls are covered with grips, into which the basement walls are divided along the length for convenience, taking into account the configuration of the building in plan. The cut panels are coated with an adhesive composition and glued from bottom to top onto the surface of the walls, also previously coated with mastic or glue.

Adjacent strips of waterproofing material are glued with an overlap of 100-150 mm. The application of mastics and adhesives is carried out using paint rollers and paint rollers; the rolls are rolled out and pressed using rolling rollers.

The adhesive insulation is arranged in several layers. The number of layers can be determined taking into account the hydrostatic head and the required humidity in the basement according to Table 6 of the regulatory document "Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures", TsNIIPromzdany, Moscow, 1996":

Table 6

Construction of protective structures

The adhesive coating is protected by laying a pressure wall. The wall is made half as thick as a ceramic brick with a gap of 10 mm, which is filled with bitumen mastic. If the groundwater is weakly aggressive or absent, the adhesive insulation is protected by installing a clay castle - fatty crumpled clay is placed in the sinuses of the foundations in layers of 100-200 mm with layer-by-layer compaction.

Quality control and acceptance of work

Quality checks and acceptance are carried out at all stages - after preparation, completion of basic operations and upon completion.

The evenness and cleanliness of the prepared wall surface can be checked visually and by applying a two-meter strip. The value of standard humidity is determined by a moisture meter. In the absence of a device, you can check the quality of drying using a control sticker in several places of small pieces of waterproofing material, which are torn off after the adhesive mastic has hardened. If the material samples do not come off without tearing, then the surface can be considered ready for gluing the main waterproofing.

The quality of the roll waterproofing sticker is checked after each layer is pasted and the mastic has set. Visually and by tapping with a wooden hammer, the presence of defects is determined - delamination, swelling, sponginess. The waterproofing layers are pierced with a graduated probe to ensure that the thickness is maintained. Defective areas are cleared, primed and covered with additional layers of rolled materials.

At final acceptance, a visual inspection and instrumental control are carried out again. A graduated probe is used to pierce the waterproofing layer to determine the thickness. The thickness of each layer can reach 2.5 mm; when covering in two or three layers, the total thickness can be 5-7.5 mm.

The reliability of the adhesive can be checked by test tearing along the edge of the waterproofing layer in several places. If the material breaks, then the strength of the adhesive can be considered reliable. The integrity of the coating in the areas of control punctures and samples must then be carefully restored.

The installation of protective walls made of bricks can begin immediately after completion of the work on the roll-up adhesive waterproofing. Backfilling can also be done immediately after finishing masonry work and filling the gap between the protective masonry and the basement wall with bitumen mastic. One of the conditions for carrying out work: temperature not lower than +5 °C.

Waterproofing of foundations and walls in a building with a technical underground

The technical underground, which differs from the basement in that its height according to the standards can be 1.6-2.0 m, is intended for laying utilities. Since pipelines with water, coolants and domestic waste pass through the technical underground, the humidity inside the premises can be more than 60%. In this regard, according to the above Table 3 “Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures” You can select the required type of waterproofing coating.

Here we will consider the option of using plaster cement waterproofing under hydrostatic pressure.

Installation of plaster waterproofing of foundations and walls of technical underground

Plaster insulation is a continuous coating of cement mortars with various additives or fine-grained asphalt concrete. Cement plaster insulation is applied in two successive layers, each 6-12 mm thick.

The general procedure is similar to the installation of other types of waterproofing and includes:

• preparatory work;
• applying waterproofing layers;
• caring for the surface until the plaster composition is completely hardened.

When performing work, you can use the instructions of regulatory documents: MDS 12-30.2006 “Methodological recommendations on norms, rules and techniques for performing finishing work”, TTK “Vertical waterproofing of the foundation slab (underground part)”, MDS 12-34.2007 “Waterproofing works”.

Surface preparation

The first stage is cleaning from contaminants, removing dust, eliminating defects (sealing cracks, sinks, removing concrete deposits, drying to a standard humidity of no more than 5%). Expansion joints, joints between horizontal surfaces of foundations and walls, corners on walls are glued with fiberglass tapes or reinforced with metal plaster mesh.

Application of waterproofing layers

The plaster composition is applied with hand tools used for plastering work. In industrial quantities, a mechanized shotcrete method is used using a cement gun with colloidal cement mortars. Plaster waterproofing is applied in two layers, each 6-12.5 mm thick, then the total thickness of the finished insulating layer can be 15-25 mm.

Surface care

Caring for the surface of plaster waterproofing consists of creating conditions for normal hardening of the solution - preventing mechanical damage and maintaining it at positive temperatures in the range of 5-25 ° C.

Quality control of plaster waterproofing

The quality of the work performed must be controlled at all stages: after preparation and after applying each layer of plaster insulation, upon completion of the work.

After the preparatory work, the quality of surface cleaning, elimination of defects, and surface humidity, which is checked using a moisture meter, should be verified.

In advance, an incoming control is carried out, where the correct ratio of the components of the working mixture and the correctness of the order of its preparation are checked.

After applying each of the plaster layers, the continuity, evenness of the coating and thickness are visually checked using a graduated feeler gauge. The thickness of each layer is checked with control punctures - up to five checks can be made for every 50-70 m². The total thickness of plaster waterproofing when applying two layers 6-12.5 mm thick can be in the range of 15-25 mm.

Acceptance of completed work is carried out visually and by tapping with a wooden hammer. There should be no cracks after the solution has completely hardened, no peeling or sagging. Places with detected defects, as well as those places where control measurements were carried out in violation of the integrity of the surface, are cleaned to the base and re-coated with plaster mortar.

Backfilling of walls covered with plaster waterproofing can be done after soaking for a week, possibly up to 10 days, at an optimal positive temperature of 5-25 ° C.

Waterproofing foundations from FBS in buildings without a basement

Strip foundations of concrete foundation blocks are constructed during the construction of buildings on areas with ordinary soils that do not have special properties - subsidence, heaving and others. Block structures require exactly the same protection from aggressive groundwater as monolithic structures or other materials. At the same time, the types and methods of waterproofing measures for block structures have some features, which we will consider below.

Primary protection of FBS foundations in soils with the presence of water with aggressive properties is similar to protection for monolithic foundations. Taking into account the type and degree of soil aggression, foundation blocks taking into account the requirements “SP 28.13330.2012 Code of Practice “Protection of Building Structures from Corrosion” (updated version of SNiP 2.03.11-85)” should be made of concrete on cement with special additives or from sulfate-resistant cement.

Secondary protection in this case is carried out using paint waterproofing. Thus, the methods of protecting strip foundations made of blocks in buildings without basements do not differ from the types of waterproofing used for the same monolithic foundations.

Waterproofing of FBS foundations in buildings with basements and technical undergrounds

The main difference between structures made from FBS blocks and monolithic ones is that block structures have seams filled with mortar. The water resistance of such joints is much lower than the concrete from which the blocks are made. Therefore, to ensure a dry humidity regime, which must be maintained in residential premises, enhanced waterproofing measures are carried out. For example, given the existing hydrostatic pressure, in addition to the external lining waterproofing of the walls, waterproofing the basement from the inside is used in various ways.

Let's look at how penetrating waterproofing of a basement is done from the inside against groundwater.

Installation of penetrating waterproofing of basement walls from the inside

The material for penetrating insulation contains active chemical components, which, after application, eventually penetrate through the pores deep into the structure of the structure, where they interact with some elements of concrete, forming so-called crystalline hydrates. These newly formed substances expand, filling all the microcavities inside the material and creating a waterproof barrier. Detailed information about the effect of penetrating waterproofing and the materials used can be obtained in the article “”.

Penetrating internal waterproofing of the basement is made using materials based on modified cement with quartz sand aggregate and the addition of active chemical components. The materials are supplied in the form of dry mixtures; before use, they must be diluted with water in the proportion of 400 g of water per 1 kg of dry material and mixed thoroughly using a mixer.

Since the prepared solution sets quickly, and it cannot be further diluted with water, you need to dilute such a volume of the mixture to work it out within half an hour.

Surface preparation

Before starting work, the surface of the walls is prepared - cleaning from dirt, sealing defects - cracks, sinks, removing mortar deposits, removing dust. Before directly applying penetrating waterproofing compounds, the surface of the walls is wetted using a sprayer.

Application of waterproofing layers

The prepared solution is applied with a spatula or brush in two passes, the thickness of each layer is within 1-2 mm. The covering layer must be applied after 3-4 hours, before which the surface should be moistened again.

Surface care

Caring for the applied waterproofing layer consists of keeping it for 10 days to two weeks until all crystallization processes are completed at a temperature of 15-25 ° C. Mechanical damage to the surface must not be allowed; the waterproofing layer must also be periodically moistened and covered with film, preventing it from drying out.

Work quality control

Quality control by visual methods is used only to evaluate surface preparation, continuity, evenness and thickness of applied layers of penetrating waterproofing. In this case, the thickness of each of the two controlled layers should remain within 1-2 mm. Control must also be maintained while maintaining the applied waterproofing layer after completion of work in order to prevent damage, as well as drying out, which can last 7-14 days in temperature conditions of 15-25 ° C.

The quality of the processes occurring deep in the concrete mass, as a result of which the basement walls are waterproofed from the inside, is checked in the construction laboratory using instrumental methods. To do this, take a control sample of the concrete from which the blocks are made and subject it to the same operations of penetrating waterproofing using similar materials. Using special instruments, measurements are taken before applying the waterproofing layer and after 28 days after their application, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn about increasing the waterproofness of the walls.

Methods for checking the quality of penetrating waterproofing work are set out in the regulatory document “Technological regulations for the design and implementation of work on waterproofing and anti-corrosion protection of monolithic and prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures, Moscow, 2008”.

Waterproofing in buildings with technical underground

Although in technical undergrounds a regime with high humidity (60-75%) is allowed, with hydrostatic pressure and increased aggression towards concrete, block walls and foundations must be protected in exactly the same way as the walls of residential basements, since groundwater cannot be allowed to penetrate into the premises .

For this purpose, protection methods can be used using adhesive waterproofing from the outside and plaster penetrating waterproofing from the inside, described above. Primary protection methods - the use of concrete with special cements - are used for a certain degree of groundwater aggression and are determined according to the tables of regulatory documents given earlier. In the absence of hydrostatic pressure, paint waterproofing is carried out on the outside.

For residential and public buildings, the foundations and basements of which are located in soils with normal properties under conditions of mild aggression or non-aggressive influence of ground moisture, it is sufficient to install paint-based waterproofing of all surfaces in contact with the soil. With increasing aggressiveness of the environment and the presence of high groundwater levels, more effective measures are required to insulate structures and basements, the degree of protection of which increases depending on the degree of aggressiveness of groundwater.

The presence of waterproofing of the buried parts of any building affects both the durability of the load-bearing structures that form the zero-level premises, as well as the microclimate, the operating conditions of mechanisms and machines located on the ground floor or in the basement.

Moisture present in the soil penetrates building structures and causes corrosion of metal structures and reinforcing elements. Excess moisture in basements creates a favorable environment for the emergence and growth of pathogens.

Basement waterproofing provides complete protection of structures and internal space only if the technology for carrying out internal work is strictly followed, the right design solutions are selected, high-quality insulating materials are selected and, of course, high-quality installation work is performed. Errors in the water protection device are unacceptable due to the difficulty of correcting them. In some cases, the labor intensity of restoring moisture resistance functions is comparable to completely rebuilding the floor and walls in the basement. Work on moisture protection can be organized both outside and inside the premises.

Basement floor waterproofing

When choosing products, it is necessary to take into account the design of the foundation. The basic principle that should be used when constructing a basement is that the circuit that performs the functions of water protection must be closed. When laying separate unrelated layers, the reliability of the entire system is significantly reduced. This often happens when working with strip foundations. When carrying out waterproofing measures for the so-called “floating” floor from the inside of the building and the tape from the outside, the most unreliable joint is the interface between the wall and the floor. Leaks most often occur in these places.

Waterproofing basement walls

When constructing prefabricated wall structures, for example, prefabricated strip (block) foundations, brickwork, etc. Most often, modern built-up or free-laid roll materials are used. The use of the latter is more appropriate. When waterproofing a monolithic foundation, it is also possible to use bitumen coating compounds. However, these products are recommended to be used only as anti-corrosion protection of load-bearing structures to increase their service life. If you need to ensure the moisture resistance of the basement, it is more advisable to use rolled products.

Materials and technologies

Depending on the method of application and the products used, protection is divided into several types:

Use:

• hot bitumen;
• special mastic - a mixture of bitumen with organic fillers, plasticizers and organic solvents;
• universal water-based bitumen-latex emulsion - water-based mastic.

Mastic or bitumen coating, depending on its base, is used to protect metal structures, basements, balconies, swimming pools, and for gluing rolled bitumen bases.

Bitumen mastics, unlike hot bitumen, do not require special equipment for heating and treating foundations. It is enough to keep the packaging with mastic in a room with a temperature of at least 15 degrees.

Before applying coating horizontal waterproofing, reinforcement of joints, junctions and seams between slabs is required.

Ensuring the moisture resistance of the basement from the inside is ensured by mastics and bitumens. They form a seamless coating, are easily applied to surfaces of complex configurations, and are the most economical means. Apply mastics in two or three layers to a dry (IKOPAL waterproofing mastic) or damp (IKOPAL water-emulsion mastic) surface cleaned of dust and dirt using a spatula, roller or brush.

IKOPAL water-emulsion mastic is well suited for protecting the basement from water if its simultaneous insulation is required. The mastic serves both as an insulating layer and as an adhesive base for insulation boards.

Features of applying a protective coating

All of the above types of compositions require preparation of the insulated surface before coating. To do this, the following work is performed:

• Clean the base, removing remaining paint, grease stains, dirt, and getting rid of dust.
• Level the surface, removing sharp corners, height differences of more than 2-3 mm for bitumen mastics and 3-4 mm for the rest.
• Primer is applied.
• A primer is applied; if it is missing, the surface is moistened with water to moisten it.

Work order

When preparing mixtures, you should strictly follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the packaging; before use, allow the composition to stand for several minutes to “ripen.” The number of application layers is two, while the second one begins to be applied when the first one has not yet dried completely, but has already set (interval 15-45 minutes).

On protrusions and corners, as well as in other problem areas, additional tape is used, pressing it into the moisture-proof layer.

To increase the durability of the coating, a reinforcing mesh is fixed between layers. This will protect the surface from any type of mechanical stress. The mesh is overlapped by 2 cm, after which it is “recessed” with a roller into the primary base.

Pasted and roll waterproofing

Use:

• cheap welded and glued roll materials based on oxidized bitumen;
• primers for surface preparation - IKOPAL bitumen primers and IKOPAL SBS Primer;
• high-quality built-up bitumen-polymer rolls IKOPAL Ultra N, IKOPAL N and IKOPAL bandage tape;
• specialized non-surfacing roll SBS-modified premium-class bitumen-polymer product ULTRANAP.

Rolled lining materials are used for moisture protection of the basement of a building as follows. Before fusing, the surface is primed with a special composition - IKOPAL Primer or SBS IKOPAL Primer. Deposition is carried out in two layers.

IKOPAL N and IKOPAL Ultra N are laid overlapping, forming a continuous hermetic coating.

ICOPAL's non-surfaced, free-laying ULTRANAP is used to protect foundation walls, foundation slabs and basement floors from moisture.

1 - concrete preparation; 2 - cement-sand screed 20 mm; 3 - Siplast Primer or ICOPAL primer; 4 - geotextiles; 5 - Bandage tape ICOPAL; 6 - Ultranap; 7 - polyethylene film; 8 - cement-sand screed; 9 - foundation slab; 10 - reinforced concrete wall; 11 - metal strip 4x40 mm; 12 - VillaDrain 8 Geo membrane.

ULTRANAP can be laid on a damp concrete surface. It can also be used to protect against radon contained in the soil, has high technical characteristics and can withstand significant static pressure of structural elements, as well as high hydrostatic water pressure. Increasing the moisture resistance of the basement using ULTRANAP is carried out in one layer. The rolls are rolled out and welded using a gas torch in places where they overlap. They are attached to the walls mechanically with additional gluing of the attachment points with IKOPAL bandage tape.

ULTRANAP is an integral part of high-speed waterproofing technologies.

Sequence of work

• Cleaning from dirt, drying thoroughly.
• Preparation of insulation materials.
• Leveling the working area for applying the composition. Treatment of brickwork with cement-sand mortar while maintaining a height difference of up to 2 mm.
• The first application of mastic or glue with the placement of the canvas.
• Second application of mastic, second installation of sheet (roll) insulation. The number of installations is from 2 to 5.

When gluing vertical surfaces, adhere to the direction of gluing from bottom to top. The maximum overlap width of the canvases is 20 cm. The edges are covered with putty and a thin mastic layer is applied.

The adhesive waterproofing is completed by tapping to determine the unglued areas. To correct errors, cuts are made, the surface inside is dried, mastic or glue is applied to it, after which patches are applied with an overlap of 10 cm.

Mineral-based plaster waterproofing

A rarely used technology for vertical moisture protection of underground premises and foundations. Depending on the method, it is divided into two types: hard and elastic. Rigid is not recommended for use in prefabricated structures.

Elastic mineral waterproofing is suitable for protecting the basement from the inside, including for a prefabricated (block) foundation.

Working with such products is highly labor-intensive, and its cost is significantly higher than bitumen coating and roll materials.

Work technology

The protective agent is applied to the finished surface. To do this, it is cleaned of dirt and the cracks are widened. After this, they are moistened with a primer (the use of PVA adhesive solutions is allowed) and left for an hour for the primer to penetrate into the work surface.

The plaster primer is diluted with water to a thick consistency, after which it is applied in an even layer with a spatula. After the mixture has dried, the procedure is repeated - another layer is applied, the surface is leveled. As a result, a film of several balls is formed, which is resistant to mechanical loads.

Mineral-based self-leveling floor waterproofing

It is carried out using a ready-made mixture of self-leveling floor, which is based on cement or gypsum with mineral filling and forms the finished finishing surface.

Using mineral-based self-leveling compounds it is very difficult to create a closed loop, since it is almost impossible to hermetically connect the waterproofing of the floor and external walls of any basement with its help.

This material is intended primarily to protect interior floors from process fluids, for example, in industrial construction.

Work order

The composition is applied to a previously prepared surface, from which uneven surfaces, dust, dirt, grease stains, and any inclusions that could interfere with good adhesion to the base should be removed.

The finished liquid, which provides moisture-proof properties, is poured in the far corner of the room, after which the composition is distributed around the entire perimeter, using a wide spatula, gradually moving towards the exit. In areas with high humidity, an additional layer of moisture protection may be required. Before applying it, you should wait for the previous one to dry, which can take 4-24 hours.

Penetrating compounds

The compositions are penetrating. They are designed for penetration into the porous-capillary structure of concrete. Easy to apply to the surface. They react with concrete components and form a waterproof protection.

Despite all their simplicity in the execution of work, the compositions are unreliable in the areas of technological seams of structures.

Due to the dynamics of the structure, for example due to its settlement, when microcracks form in the wall structures, the moisture protection will be damaged and will not be able to perform its functions.

Application Features

Penetrating waterproofing is not used with gas and foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, as well as magnesite foam, polystyrene foam concrete and other types of surfaces with a large number of pores. For them, the use of penetrating compounds is not economically feasible.

The compositions are applied in several stages:

• Preparing the base by removing dirt, adhering dust and old stains. For polished concrete, sandblasting is used, after which the surface is lubricated with a 10% hydrochloric acid solution to better open the pores.
• At seams and joints, grooves are made in the base; existing cracks are deepened to 2.5 cm and a width of 2 cm, which significantly increases the adhesion of the composition and its penetrating ability.
• The surface to be protected is first treated with a roller or spray moistened with water.
• The dry composition of the mixture is diluted with water according to the instructions on the package. The amount of the finished solution should correspond to the production volume for 30 minutes, since the composition quickly sets, after which a new portion is prepared.
• For application, use a brush, roller or spatula, or spray gun.
• The composition is applied twice with an interval of 1.5 hours. Coating thickness - up to 1 cm.

Brick walls are treated differently. Screws are drilled along the perimeter of the masonry, placing them at an angle of 45 degrees at a depth of 2.5 cm in increments of 5 cm. The made recesses are washed with a stream of water under pressure, after which the plaster mixture is poured into them. Waterproofing is applied immediately after the plaster has dried.

Choosing waterproofing for the foundation

Moisture protection of the basement from the inside is most often carried out only in cases where it is not possible to do it from the outside or when trying to eliminate existing leaks. In any case, the choice of means for performing the work will depend on the type of foundation. This topic is discussed in detail in this article.

Strip monolithic foundation

The principle of ensuring the moisture resistance of the basement when constructing this type of foundation is to lay a rolled, loosely laid layer on the bottom of the pit with a device for releasing horizontal waterproofing beyond the tape by at least 150 mm. The walls are then protected from the outside using the same loose-laid or fused bitumen material and the basement floor slab is formed.

When anti-corrosion treatment of a strip foundation of a non-buried building (without a basement), it is recommended to apply a bitumen welding or coating composition both inside and outside the strip (at the points of contact of the foundation with the ground).

Prefabricated strip foundation

The foundation requires the most thoughtful moisture resistance due to the presence of many joints. Similar to a monolithic strip foundation, it is better to protect it with loosely laid or fused roll materials for waterproofing. The use of coating bitumen and hard mineral compositions is not recommended.

Slab foundation

This type of foundation is a single monolithic reinforced concrete slab under the entire area of ​​the building. The easiest way to ensure protection from water is the foundation. Before casting a monolithic slab, a preparation device is recommended - an even layer of compacted sand or “lean” concrete (grade B7.5) about 100 mm thick. According to this preparation, a moisture-proof layer should be laid. The simplest and most durable in this case is free-laid roll products.

Conclusion

When choosing means for arranging moisture resistance, it is necessary to take into account not only the cost of the entire waterproofing layer, taking into account the labor intensity of the work, but also the simplicity combined with the reliability of the entire system.

Rolled basement protection is distinguished not only by its quality, density, tensile strength and multi-layer nature, but also by the speed of preparation of the waterproofing layer for work, the presence of additional elements for reliable connection of joints and, of course, the availability of proven technology for its installation.

Separately, it is worth noting the systematic approach of the ICOPAL company to the arrangement of waterproofing. In addition to specific products, the company offers simple and reliable solutions for effective water protection, as well as drainage of underground and buried structures. When choosing materials for waterproofing basements, first of all you need to pay attention to the possibility of creating a closed loop. It is recommended to carry out the work using products of the same type in order to avoid problems of their interfacing in complex structural units.

Foundation waterproofing is one of those types of necessary construction work that should not be neglected under any circumstances. Moreover, when it comes to installing a foundation with a basement, which is supposed to house premises for various household and technical purposes. The waterproofing device must strictly comply with the general norms and rules for carrying out this type of work.

Foundation with basement with waterproofing

Why is waterproofing needed?

The foundation part, located in the ground, is continuously exposed to groundwater and precipitation. Despite its apparent solidity, reinforced concrete (and this is the main and most common material for the construction of foundations with basements) is a rather porous material, that is, it allows moisture to pass through, albeit slowly. This is fraught with problems both for the foundation itself and for the basement. Steel reinforcement elements of the foundation without waterproofing begin to rust quickly and, as a result, lose their strength. There is probably no need to explain to anyone what this entails; the sad look of a strip foundation cracked along its entire height is familiar to many. A foundation without waterproofing is also susceptible to such a dangerous phenomenon as cycles of freezing and defrosting of water trapped in the pores under conditions of variable positive and negative temperatures, especially characteristic of the warm winters of the era of global warming. Freezing water breaks the surrounding concrete, in which microcracks form.

For a foundation with a basement without waterproofing, there are obvious problems associated with its operation.

These include:
• High indoor humidity
• Formation of fungi and mold
• The appearance of a putrid odor
• Flooding of part of the basement

The level of complexity of foundation waterproofing work depends on the depth of groundwater at the construction site. If groundwater lies more than one meter below the base of the foundation, you can limit yourself to the simplest coating waterproofing. In the event that groundwater is located at a depth of less than one meter, waterproofing work is strictly necessary. And finally, if the groundwater level is higher than the base of the foundation, even thorough waterproofing may not be enough. Here it is necessary to create a drainage system to drain water from the foundation area.

Scheme of foundation waterproofing with drainage system

An additional point is the presence of pressure groundwater at the construction site - they impose additional requirements for waterproofing.

When to carry out foundation waterproofing work

These types of work are best done immediately after installing the foundation itself. This is due to the fact that the surface of the foundation wall immediately after installation is the smoothest, free of cracks and dirt, and there is easy access to it. Waterproofing work should be carried out in dry weather at an ambient temperature of at least five to ten degrees. If the condition of the surface is unsatisfactory, it is necessary to cover all cracks and potholes with a moisture- and frost-resistant cement composition intended for waterproofing. A foundation made of reinforced concrete foundation blocks requires a particularly careful approach, in which you need to pay attention to the interblock seams.

Important! As the famous saying goes, “water will find a hole.” This fully applies to foundation waterproofing work. They must be carried out with the utmost care over the entire surface. Otherwise, if there is at least one area that is not well-waterproofed, all the work will go down the drain. Because it is through this area that water will flow inside, gradually filling the entire foundation.

Types of waterproofing foundations with a basement

Foundation waterproofing is divided into vertical And horizontal. When carrying out vertical waterproofing work, vertical external walls exposed to groundwater, flood water and precipitation are treated. Horizontal waterproofing protects the basement floor from capillary rise of groundwater. A specific type of horizontal waterproofing includes a blind area, which plays a large and important role in removing atmospheric moisture from the foundation.

According to the method used to apply waterproofing material to the surface of the foundation, they are distinguished coating(sometimes the name painting is used), pasting, penetrating And sprayed waterproofing. A combination of them for one foundation is also possible.

Coating waterproofing of the foundation

This type of waterproofing is produced using three types of products - hot bitumen, bitumen mastics, and also special water-based mastics. They are a mixture of bitumen with various polymer compositions and plasticizers. Recently, mastics have also become widespread. They have a number of advantages over traditional bitumen - they are more durable and better resistant to mechanical deformation. Water-based mastics are a bitumen-latex emulsion. Water-based mastics are applied to a moistened surface.

Many formulations on the market are ready for immediate use and do not require heating.

Coating waterproofing for foundations

The process of applying coating waterproofing to walls is simple, but it requires precision and accuracy. First, you need to prepare the base. To do this, you must first prime the foundation walls on both sides. To do this, use a solution of bitumen mastic in a solvent, the so-called. The surface is treated in two layers - first a primer with a slowly evaporating solvent is used, and the second layer is already coated with a primer with a quickly evaporating solvent. Next, the mastic itself is applied to the treated surface. Processing is carried out in two layers. In this case, the second layer is applied only after the first layer has completely dried. The lower the temperature, the longer it will take to dry. To increase the protective properties, it is recommended to use, which are laid on the first layer of waterproofing that has not yet hardened and are recessed inside by rolling a roller. After the second layer has hardened, you can backfill the soil under the foundation. To perform this work you will need a hard brush, a plastic roller and a spatula.

Applying bitumen mastic to the foundation surface

The advantages of coating bitumen mastics include seamless coating and tightness, subject to application technology. The disadvantages include their fragility, especially in the presence of pressure groundwater. Over time, mastics of this type lose mechanical strength, which is reflected in the occurrence of cracks and peeling from the concrete surface.

Pasted waterproofing of the foundation

The progenitor of this type of waterproofing is the well-known roll material. It is still actively used in construction and is the most affordable. But technical progress does not stand still; now roll materials have appeared on the market that far surpass it in their characteristics. Their names depend on the manufacturer - these are, for example, filisol, icopal, etc. These are mainly bitumen-based materials with special additives based on various polymers, thermoplastics and vulcanized rubber.

Bitumen-polymer coatings for foundation waterproofing

The procedure for carrying out work on waterproofing the foundation

Roll materials are applied in several layers, each new layer in turn is coated with bitumen mastic.

The undoubted advantages of roll waterproofing include its durability and reliability. However, its installation is much more complicated than coating and requires higher qualifications and sometimes special equipment, for example, gas burners. It also places higher demands on the condition of the surface, which must be smooth with deviations of no more than two millimeters. The presence of a larger number of butt seams requires their special processing, which increases the installation time.

Penetrating foundation waterproofing

For strip foundations made of reinforced concrete, another type of surface treatment is. This material is a sand-cement mixture with various chemical reagents. When it is used, a chemical reaction occurs between the concrete components and the chemicals that make up the penetrating waterproofing. As a result, special substances penetrate into the thickness of the concrete foundation, which fill micropores, cracks and air cells. This occurs due to the formation as a result of this chemical reaction of insoluble salts that are resistant to moisture. The penetration depth can be up to forty centimeters.

Penetrating waterproofing Penetron

The method of applying penetrating waterproofing is not complicated, which can be called its undoubted advantage. It is applied to the concrete surface with a roller or brush. In this case, the surface must be moistened. The advantages of this material include the ability to be applied to concrete that has not yet fully hardened, which speeds up the overall construction time. The mixture is prepared according to the instructions for use of the product. It is diluted with water until the consistency of sour cream is obtained. Next, the mixture is applied with a brush or in two layers. Moreover, the second layer is applied a few hours after the first. Penetrating waterproofing is used for both exterior and interior basement foundation walls. It has also proven itself well as an additional type of treatment in combination with roll waterproofing. However, it should be remembered that the scope of its application is reinforced concrete foundations and for such highly porous materials as foam concrete it is completely unacceptable. When pouring the foundation layer by layer, it is also undesirable because of the air voids that form as a result.

Application of penetrating waterproofing

Conclusion

This article outlined the main methods of waterproofing a foundation with a basement, mainly relating to the treatment of its external walls. The information presented in this article, we hope, can facilitate the choice of one or another method of waterproofing and make it more conscious.

Building yard

Waterproofing device when installing a foundation with a basement

Melt and groundwater are the reasons why the service life of the foundation and residential building as a whole is reduced several times. From time immemorial they have been fighting this by any means necessary. A lot of experience has been accumulated. But owners of private houses are still concerned about such issues as basement waterproofing.

Waterproofing methods

First of all, it is necessary to decide from which side the waterproofing process will be carried out: from the inside or the outside. The best option is outside.

Outdoor

Even at the stage of constructing the foundation, it is worth ensuring its protection from moisture. There are several options here:

1. Coating.
2. Plastering.
3. Pasting.

One of the best options: apply plaster mortar to the foundation walls, treat it with hot bitumen, and then raise a half-brick wall next to it. In addition, blind areas 1.5 m wide are poured and a storm drain is installed.

If the groundwater level is high enough, then drainage must be arranged.

Internal

Internal waterproofing of basements is carried out if the external waterproofing was done poorly or the groundwater level is so high that it creates a lot of pressure on the foundation walls. They, in turn, cannot withstand the pressure of water. Although precipitation also creates conditions for moisture to penetrate into the basement. There are three main types of basement insulation from the inside:

1. Anti-pressure.
2. Non-pressure.
3. Anticapillary.

The first is used if the groundwater level is higher than the basement floor. The second, if the amount of precipitation in the region is quite large.
The third option is the so-called penetrating waterproofing. It (the most modern) is used today more often than all others under any operating conditions of the building.

Waterproofing materials

There is a wide range of waterproofing materials on the market. All of them can be divided into several categories. It all depends on the method of application and on the principle of action: coating, hydrophobic (injection), pasting (roll), penetrating.
Next, we’ll look at how and how to waterproof a basement in a private house. We will pay special attention to the choice of materials, their exact purpose and method of application to the components of the house structures.

Coating

This category mainly includes various types of mastics based on bitumen, cement or polymers. Some are applied cold, others hot.
Bitumen mastic and cement mixtures are applied in a thick layer, polymer emulsions in a thin layer.

Mechanism of action

Many specialists prefer to work with cold applied mastics. They create a thick protective layer on the basement walls of a private house that penetrates into all the cracks of concrete or brickwork. A seamless film with a high elasticity index is formed on the surface.
Please note that special bitumen mastic is used for seams (knots). The contact point is first embroidered, then filled with cement mortar, and after it has dried, it is treated with mastic.

Application method

The technology for applying mastic is quite simple. To do this you will need either a brush or a roller. The material is applied according to the type of paint. The main thing is to distribute the mastic evenly over the entire surface to be treated. The stripes are applied overlapping each other.
Some mastics are called liquid rubber. These include the brand “Elastomix” or “Elastopaz”.

Please note, this is a good way to waterproof a basement, but it can only be used if the foundation has been externally insulated. Liquid rubber cannot withstand water pressure on its own, even with low pressure.

In the category of waterproofing materials, liquid glass occupies a certain place. Some people treat it with distrust, others consider it an excellent waterproofing agent.
In any case, the technology for its use has been known for a long time.

Application technique

Liquid glass is most often applied outside the foundation. At the same time, it is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2. Seams and structural components are treated with special attention. The main requirement is a durable and smooth surface without grease and oil stains. Therefore, before applying liquid glass to the surface being processed, the latter will have to be prepared.
The material is applied using a brush, brush or roller. In fact, this is the same coating waterproofing of the basement by type of painting. There is another option for using liquid glass. It is added to the cement plaster mortar, which is used to treat the inside walls of the basement. Such mixtures create an excellent waterproof layer.

Pasting

Pasted (roll) waterproofing can be used both outside and inside. Most often it is used externally. To do this, the foundation walls are prepared: leveled to a difference of 2 mm, treated with bitumen emulsion, then rolls (roofing felt, roofing felt, etc.) are laid in overlapping strips. Seams are processed continuously, that is, two strips cannot be joined at the junction of two planes.
Roll waterproofing is very sensitive to mechanical loads, so experts advise installing a brick pressure wall to the foundation. This is done with roofing felt, and with waterproofing, and with other materials.

Penetrating

Penetrating waterproofing is a modern technology that is mainly used for interior applications. Its main purpose is to make concrete waterproof.
Today, this is the best waterproofing for basements that you can do yourself.

Composition and properties

In fact, it is a mixture that includes cement, quartz sand and active chemical additives. It is the latter that penetrate deep into the concrete structure, clogging the capillaries through which water penetrates into the room. Penetration depth up to 25 cm.

Mode of application

In order for penetrating waterproofing to last a long time after application, it is necessary to clean the concrete wall from efflorescence. This can be done manually with an iron brush. But it is better to use a drill with an iron brush on it or rinse the surface with water under pressure. In any case, the surface to be treated must be moistened. And the deeper the moisture penetrates into the concrete, the deeper the chemically active additives will penetrate, clogging the capillaries.
Experts recommend applying 5 liters of water per 1 m² of surface. The best option is to apply water in several layers, absorbing the previous one. The solution itself is applied to the walls in two layers using a brush, spatula or roller. The second layer is applied perpendicular to the first after the latter has dried. Next, the treated surfaces are moistened again with a small amount of water.
But this option also has one drawback - it can only be used for processing concrete structures. In this case, the quality of the concrete should be high with cracks no more than 0.4 mm deep.

Hydrophobic

Hydrophobic injection waterproofing of the basement is one of the best, but very complex technologies for protecting basements from water. For this, various gels based on polymers or acrylates are used.
The essence of the operating principle of this type of insulation is that the gels, in contact with water, begin to harden. Therefore, they are pumped into places where groundwater penetrates from special containers or cans. To do this, holes with a diameter of 12-20 mm are drilled in concrete walls and floors. Some holes are through, others are blind. They are distributed alternately every 30-50 cm. It is difficult to carry out this type of waterproofing yourself. It is especially difficult to determine the location of moisture penetration. Therefore, this work cannot be done without specialists.

Waterproofing scheme

Do-it-yourself basement waterproofing usually includes several types of work performed. Everything will depend on the State Administration.

If the level is high, then you must first build a drainage system, coat the outer walls of the foundation with bitumen mastic or stick on roll waterproofing, and raise the pressure wall.
Then go inside the basement and treat all surfaces (floor and walls) with anti-capillary protection and liquid rubber.

Low groundwater level

If the groundwater level is low, then good blind areas and storm drains must be constructed. External coating or lining insulation is produced (for example, with roofing felt).
From the inside, it is best to use an integrated approach using several materials.

Progress of internal work

A multi-layer insulation device is a guarantee of protecting the room from moisture. You can find out how to correctly perform the entire complex of work below.

Surface preparation

You need to start with preparation. To do this, the floors and walls are leveled. You can pour screed on the floor and plaster the walls. Then capillary waterproofing is applied to all surfaces using a brush or roller.
Insulation layer 1-2 mm. We wait until everything dries. Next is another similar layer.

Laying the material

Now you can use the roll material. Its strips are laid in the form of a trough, that is, from the upper edge of the wall along the floor to the upper edge of the opposite wall.
The best option is to lay it in two layers, perpendicular to each other with overlap. Roll material can be replaced with coating material.